Известия Нац. академии наук Беларуси. Сер. биол. наук, 2002, No.2
/ Издания академии / Научные журналы
Известия Нац. академии наук Беларуси. Сер. биол. наук, 2002, No.2
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Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси
СЕРИЯ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ НАУКИздатель: Издательский дом Беларуская навука, Минск, Республика Беларусь |
Номер 2, 2002
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
СТАТЬИ
Reshetnikov V. N., Sidorovich E. A.
70th Anniversary of the Central botanical gardens National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. pp. 5--10
Prokhorov V. N., Laman N. A.
Productivity peculiarities in intercrops of winter wheat and vetch depending on their spatial structure and component ratio. pp. 11--19
Summary: In conditions of field experiment the productivity peculiarities in intercrops of winter wheat and vetch depending on their spatial structure and component ratio have been studied. It was determined that the productivity of intercrops generally fluctuated between the productivity of each component in single-crop. But sometimes the accumulation levels of overground biomass and crop yield in intercrop were higher than those in single-crop. Row intercropping is the most promising for cultivation of winter wheat and vetch, which is determined by distribution of their econiches on main growth resources.
Ivleva S. N., Shimko N. A.
The influence of organic compounds on enzymatic activity of derno-podzolic soils. pp. 20--24
Summary: The paper presents the data on the influence of different doses of volatile organic compounds (methanol, ethylene glycol, paraxylol) and powdery dimethyl therephthalate on the activity of soil enzymes: urease, phosphatase, invertase and catalase under pot trial conditions. Application of single chemical compounds to derno-podzolic soils under these conditions revealed the influence of each substance applied on the activity of the enzymes studied.
Girilovich I. S., Lemeza N. A., Stefanovich A. I., Mitrakhovich T. M.
The mycobiota of Loshitsky park in Minsk. pp. 25--29.
Summary: 210 species of phytopathogenic micromycetes were found in the territory of the Loshitsky park complex in Minsk. 37 species belong to Oomycota, 64 -- to Ascomycota, 37 -- Basidiomycota, 47 species to Deuteromycota.
Ivanyuk V. G., Aleksandrov O. T., Kalach V. I.
Population of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn., an agent of rhizoctoniosis of potato. pp. 30--35
Summary: Population of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn., a causal agent of rhizoctoniosis of potato in Belarus, is presented by anastomosis groups AG1, AG3 and AG4. They differ in relation to environmental factors, competition and in aggressiveness.
Yakovleva G. A., Semanyuk T. V.
Resistance of somatic hybrids S. tuberosum (78563-76)+S. bulbocastanum to late and early blight. pp. 36--40
Summary: The fourth tuber generation of somatic hybrids 78563-76 + S. bulbocastanum was evaluated on resistance to late and early blight in dynamics under natural conditions of Belarus. During the last two years (1999, 2000) they were grown without fungicides. The year 1999 was depressive for late blight and epiphytic for early blight but the year 2000 was epiphytic for late blight and moderate-depressive for early blight. Haulm and tubers of somatic hybrids were resistant to late and haulm to early blight. Haulm late blight resistance retained in the case of additional dual inoculation it with some isolates of P. infestans covering several virulence genes and A1 and A2 types of compatibility and also when planting the preliminarity inoculated tubers.
Semenas S. E.
Tentative results of testing of some pathogenic viruses of strawberry. pp. 41--43
Summary: The ELISA-testing of mother plants and propagated in vitro regenerants of strawberry (241 plants in all), planted at the Belarusian Research Institute for Fruit Growing, has been completed in Belarus for the first time. The following viruses were detected: ArMV, RRV, TBRV, TomRSV and SLRV. A high level of infection at the mother plantation was established: only 8.9% of plants were free from tested viruses, while RRV and TomRSV were widely-spread. ArMV was rare, we obtained 84.8% of negative test results. Despite the fact, that the regenerants have been planted in the field conditions for two years, they were less infected: for all detected viruses the percentage of negative test results was more that 70%. 75 strawberry plants, free of detected viruses, were preliminarily selected for further testing.
Sapegin L. M., Daineko N. M., Zhadko S. V.
The state of shore and water vegetation at Gomel lakes. pp. 44--46
Summary: Investigation of shore water flora and vegetation growing at 7 Gomel lakes, the content of heavy metals in water and soil and their accumulation by species of macrophyte-plants revealed their species-specificity.
The riverside water vegetation of Gomel lakes plays varied roles in esthetical, recreative and ecological aspects and deserves protection.
Brichkova G. G., Maneshina T. V., Kartel N. A.
Optimization of the nutrient medium for effective regeneration of tomatoes Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. in vitro. pp. 47--52
Summary: Optimal media for callus formation and organogenesis in vitro of tomatoes, L-1932 line-up and tomato strains Vezha 1008, Start 1008-1932, Belyi Naliv 241, have been selected. Hypocotyls and cotyledons of their two-week seedlings were used for selection. The highest degree of callus formation was traced on MS-T medium, which contained 5.0 mg • l-1 N6 benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.2 mg • l-1 a-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA). However, organogenesis on the above medium was suppressed by callus tissue which was characterized by active proliferation. For Belyi Naliv 241 the most efficient regeneration was observed on MS-T medium containing 1.0 mg • l-1 Zeatin (Zea) and 0.2 mg • l-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The presence of two cytokinins (BAP in a concentration 5.0 mg • l-1 and Zea in a concentration 1.0 mg • l-1) in MS-T medium contributed to plant regeneration in 74% of Vezha explants and in 89% of L-1932 line-up explants. For Start strain the most appropriate medium proved to be MS-T medium containing 2.5 mg • l-1 BAP and 0.2 mg • l-1 IAA. The latter medium produced the highest number of well-developed shoots (70% of all explant quantity) that were rated at the highest mark "6" on a six-point scale.
Polonetskaya L. M., Panifedova L. M., Burdus V. F., Sakovich V. I., Bogdan V. Z.
Analysis of action of genes controlling the productivity characters of fibers in fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum elongata) varieties. pp. 53--56
Summary: Action and interaction of genes defining fiber productivity traits (plant height at different ontogenesis stages, technical length, average thickness of stem, stem weight, fiber weight, percent of fiber yield, linear density) were studied in the system of diallel crossings of 7 fiber flax cultivars.
Savina N. V.
Dependence of the mutagenic effect of ethylmethane sulfonate on spermatogenesis stages in Drosophila males. pp. 57--60
Summary: Sensitivity of pre- and post-meiotic spermatogenesis stages of repair- proficient and excision repair-deficient Drosophila males to mutagen EMS effect was analysed by the SLRL test. The frequencies of induced mutations in sperm cells in repair-proficient lines were much higher than those in spermatogonia in contrast to excision repair defective ones. Based on the differences in mutagen-sensitivity of premeiotic stages in yellow males in comparison with the wild type, it was assumed that the possible disturbance in DNA repair was related to yellow locus.
Kvitko O. V., Sheiko Ya. I., Koneva I. I., Mezen N. I., Tyurikov A. P.
Investigation of causes of different predisposition to tumor transformation of human and murine fibroblast cultures. pp. 61--64
Summary: The study analyses possible causes of the higher frequency of cancer in mice than in man if calculated per one cell generation. The investigation of the mitotic division of cells (fibroblasts) of both species with the aid of videomicroscopy of living cell cultures was performed. It was revealed that the frequency of mitotic divisions in the biggest mouse cells was much higher compared with that in the biggest human cells. It is possible that the system of blocking the division of anomalously big human cells (including polyploid ones) is more reliable than that of biggest mouse cells. This system of blocking the division of anomalous cells may prevent the rise of dysfunctional cells (senescent ones including) and transformed cells (including aneuploid ones).
Skorinko E. V., Melnikova A. M., Nekrashevich N. I., Matus V. K. †, Konev S. V.
On the damage of plasma membrane permeability barriers by ozone. pp. 65--67
Summary: It is found that ozone produces damage of the plasma membrane permeability barrier of the yeast cells for low-molecular weight metabolites -- nucleotides and amino acids -- in an equal dose interval (20--60 µ mol/g w. w.). The dose curves of outlet fulfil the rule "all or nothing". Study of pH-dependence of nucleotide outflow from intact and O3 -modified cells didn't show much difference. It is suggested that O3 does not lead to a gross modification of the plasma membrane and a rise of membrane permeability is due to cooperative structural reconstruction.
Shcherbin D. G.
Phosphorescence analysis of products of lipidperoxidation within liposomes. pp. 68--71
Summary: The capacity for phosphorescence at room temperature of lipid peroxidation products in liposomes prepared from oxidized total lipid fraction of human erythrocyte membranes has been established, and the temperature dependencies of kinetic and spectral characteristics of phosphorescence have been measured. It has been shown that the mechanism of quenching of lipid chromophore phosphorescence has a dynamic nature.
Chernetsova I. B., Sukhovitskaya L. A., Mokhova S. V., Melnikova N. V.
Effect of rhizobacteria on the development of phytopathogenic fungi in soil. pp. 72--75
Summary: We investigated the influence of rhizobacteria on development of pathogenic fungi in sterile and nonsterile soil. It was found that Enterobacter sp. 5u protects the root system of rape from damaging by pathogenic fungi.
Puchkova T. A., Filimonova T. V., Truchonovec V. V.
Physiological and biochemical characterization of Lentinus edodes (Berk. ) sing. pp. 76--80
Summary: The present work deals with morphological and physiological properties of 14 strains Lentinus edodes. It is shown that the pigmentation of morphological structures is due to synthesis of the dark-brown pigment melanin.
Shishko Zh. F., Mikhailova R. V., Yasenko M. I., Eremin A. N.
Effects of stabilizers and conservants on the thermal stability of fungal glucose oxidases. pp. 81--83
Summary: The influence of stabilizers (sorbitol, glicerol, KCl, polyethylene glycols with molecular weight 6000 and 20000 Da) and conservants (ethanol, phenol and thimerosal) on thermal stability of glucose oxidases of P. adametzii and P. funiculosum were investigated. The optimum stabilizing systems for glucose oxidases of P. adametzii (2.0 mM citrate-phosphate buffer, pH 5.0, 36% sorbitol, 0.02% thimerosal) and P. funiculosum -- (2.0 mM citrate-phosphate buffer, pH 5.0, 20% sorbitol, 0.05% polyethylene glycol 20000 and 0.02% thimerosal) were made.
Belyasova N. A., Chayevskaya T. V., Karayeva O. A., Gritz N. V.
A technique for protoplast fusion and selection of Lactococcus hybrid bacteria. pp. 84--87
Summary: The conditions of protoplast fusion for starter strains of genera Lactococcus were chosen. The protoplast fusion yield 1.1 -- 6.1 • 10-4 in intraspecific crossings L. lactis ssp. lactis, L. lactis ssp. lactis var. diacetilactis and L. lactis ssp. cremoris was obtained. It was shown that among selected for antibiotic resistance hybrids there are unstable forms, capable of segregating variants in several generations.
Gatsko G. G., Klimko N. K.
Functional state of pancreatic b-cells during drug-induced hypothyroidism and acute g-radiation. pp. 88--89.
Summary: The combined effect of hypothyroidism caused by mercazolil incorporation and acute g-irradiation in a 1 Gy dose was studied. It was established that the g-irradiation on the background of hypothyroidism causes earlier, longer and more expressed activation of b-cells of the pancreas.
Borodinsky A. N., Ostrovsky S. Yu., Konovalenko O. V., Bankovsky A. A., Miskevich D. A., Gurinovich V. A.
Free amino acid pool in the liver of rats upon inhalation of butyric aldehyde. pp. 90--93
Summary: The effect of the continuous administration via inhalation of different concentrations of butyric aldehyde on the metabolism of rat liver free amino acids was studied.
It was shown that independently of the butyric aldehyde concentration in the inhalation mixture a maximum of alterations in amino acid metabolism fell on the 2nd month of the experiment.
The dose dependent effect of butyric aldehyde on the pattern of changes in the pool of free amino acids was assessed.
Netukova N. I., Polenov S. A., Pashkevich S. G., Pesotskaya Ya. A., Bomberova O. V., Kulchitsky V. A.
Structural changes in bulbar nuclei after electrical stimulation of the nucleus of solitary tract in rats. pp. 94--96
Summary: Using electron microscopy, changes in neuronal cell bodies, processes, synapses, and microvessels in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST), caudal and rostral ventral medulla of rats were studied 20 min after electrical stimulation of the NST with a 20 µA current for 5 min in two modes: continuous 20/s and 1 ms pulse duration and train 40/s, 1 s train length, I s interval between trains.
Different patterns of NST activation were accompanied by characteristic ultrastructural changes in brainstem relay nuclei connected with the NST. The train stimulation of the NST led to a typical increase in the contact area within synaptic formations located in the ventral brainstem. Accumulations of synaptic vesicles near the presynaptic membrane and widening of endoplasmic reticulum cisterns in neuronal cell bodies were characteristic of both types of stimulation (regular and train). These structural changes are indicative of an enhanced functional activity of ventral medullary neurons following activation of the NST.
Anisimova E. I., Rozhdestvenskaya A. S.
The structure of associations of small mammals and their infestation with helminths in Polessky radiation-ecological reserve. pp. 97--101
Summary: The micromammals' associations in ecosystems of different type and their infection with helminths were studied. Two types of dependence of infestation for small rodents were obtained in forest ecosystems. In abundant biotopes the invasion depends on species diversity and density of rodents. In the ecosystems with low level of species diversity the dominant species becomes the only invasion's possessor. The structure of micromammalis was similar on the natural and artificial meadows, but the level of invasion was different. In open ecosystems the inverse relationship between host's infection and its numbers was revealed.
Kulak A. V., Solodovnikov I. A.
New and rare species of noctuids (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in Belarus. pp. 102--105
Summary: Four species of noctuids (Simplicia rectalis, Macrochilo cribrumalis, Hypenoides humidalis, Catocala adultera, Amphipyra berbera, Heliothis maritima and Noctua janthina.) are reported for the first time for Belarus. Data on duration of stages of adults and caterpillars, overwintering stages, host plants of caterpillars, biotopical preference and character of the spread in Belarus and in the contiguous territories for each species are presented. Additional data of distribution of some species (Noctua chardinyi, Brachionycha nubeculosa, Agrochola litura, Phlogophora meticulosa, Staurophora celsia, Archanara dissoluta, Panemeria tenebrata, Heliothis armigera, Porphyrinia noctualis, Bena prasinana, Autographa bractea, Schrankia costaestrigalis, Catocala promissa, C. sponsa, Tyta luctuosa, Laspeyria flexula and Trisateles emortualis) are given.
Gurin V. M.
Formation of species diversity in ecotonal assemblages of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae). pp. 106--108
Summary: The structure of the carabid beetles' assemblages in three different ecotones in the Berezinsky biosphere reserve has been studied. It was found that increasing species diversity in an ecotone results from penetration of species from neighboring habitats, but it does not exclude the possility of other species penetration. According to this idea, changes in neighboring habitats strongly influence on the structure of the ecotonal assemblages, and it means that ecotonal carabid beetles' assemblages are not stable.
Derunkov A. V.
The seasonal dynamics of the activities of staphylinid beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in flood-lands biogeocenoses on the protected territories of Belarus. pp. 109--111
Summary: The seasonal dynamics of the staphylinid beetle activity has been studied in flood-lands' biogeocenoses in the Berezinsky biosphere reserve and in the National Park "Pripiatsky" (north and south Belarus, respectively). There are two main peaks of staphylinid activity in both sites --one in spring and one in autumn. These peaks are caused by the activity of the most abundant staphylinid species with spring type of breeding, such as Olophrum assimile (Payk.), Anthobium atrocephalum (Gyll.), Staphylinus erythropterus L, Quedius fuliginosus (Grav.) in Berezinsky reserve and Stenus europaeus Puthz, Stenus exspectatus Puthz in the National Park "PripiaLsky". A small peak of staphylinid activity was found in flood--lands of Pripiat river in the National Park "Pripiatsky". This peak was caused by the activity of Atheta fungi (Grav.). There is only one staphylinid species with autumnal type of breeding among the dominants in each site -- Drusilla canaliculata (F.) in Berezinsky reserve and Arpedium quadrum (Grav.) in the National Park "Pripiatsky". In general, the seasonal dynamics of the staphylinid beetle activity in flood--lands differs from that in forest biogeocenoses.
ОБЗОРЫ
Barai V. N.
The synthesis of modified nucleosides by bacterial nucleoside phosphorylases. pp. 112--118
Summary: The present status of the problem of synthesis of modified nucleosides (MN) by using bacterial nucleoside phosphorylases is reviewed. The substrate specificity in relation to various MN is analysed. The paper represents features of the MN synthesis by enzymes in a purified state and in whole bacterial cells. The best of the publications on the enzymatic synthesis of nucleoside analogs of medical application cladribine and ribavirin are discussed. The prospects of application of microbial nucleoside phosphorylases for the MN synthesis are outlined.
УЧЕНЫЕ БЕЛАРУСИ
В.И. Парфенов, А.Г. Лобанок, Н.А. Ламан и др.
Иван Данилович Юркевич (К 100-летию со дня рождения). C. 119--121
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И.Д. Волотовский, А.Г. Лобанок, Л.М. Сущеня и др.
Виктор Александрович Ипатьев (К 60-летию со дня рождения). C. 122--123
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/ Издания академии / Научные журналы / К началу страницы
Разработана и поддерживается Николаем Н. Костюковичем. Последнее обновление: 10 ноября 2006 г.
Создана при участии Игнатия И. Корсака
Копирайт © 2002-2006 Национальная академия наук Беларуси
Копирайт © 2002 Издательство "Беларуская навука"
