Известия Нац. академии наук Беларуси. Сер. биол. наук, 2003, No.2
/ Издания академии / Научные журналы
Известия Нац. академии наук Беларуси. Сер. биол. наук, 2003, No.2
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Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси
СЕРИЯ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ НАУКИздатель: Издательский дом Беларуская навука, Минск, Республика Беларусь |
Номер 2, 2003
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
СТАТЬИ
Autko A. A., Rupasova Zh. A., Ignatenko V. A., Autko A. A.
Specific features of biochemical structure transformation of raw-material vegetables in the process of storage. pp. 5--10
Summary: The authors compare and estimate the biochemical structure of raw-material pumpkin, carrot and beet according to 30 parameters. This paper also reveals specific features that mark how the structure transforms within five-month storage period.
Obukhovskaya L. V., Vishnyakov S. V., Murashko S. V.
Photochemical activity alteration that occurs in the chloroplasts of pea (Pisum sativum L.) in vitro under the influence of water-soluble protein extracts derived from energy-transforming organelles. pp. 11--15
Summary: It has been shown that water-soluble protein extracts obtained from chloroplasts and mitochondria contain agents that change chloroplast photochemical activity in vitro on the level of energy transduction in chloroplasts. As a minimum, there are two agents in each organelle: one agent acts as an uncoupler, and the other inhibits electron transfer in the electron transport chain.
Reutsky V. G., Demid T. A.
Morphological peculiarities and elastic properties of juvenile cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba) leaves. pp. 16--20
Summary: The authors contrast the leaves of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba) with the leaves of other plants correlating the morphological peculiarities and elastic properties of their assimilative tissue. It is detected that the leaf of cabbage is thicker by 44 per cent than that of potato. It is also thicker by 66 per cent than the leaf of barley. The same proportion is applicable to wheat leaves. The above parameter varies within one leaf in the following extent: 40 ± 2mk from the central rid to periphery and 80 ± 2mk from the basis to the top of the leaf. When humidification conditions become worse, the leaf thickness increases from 450 ± 50mk (Control) up to 527 ± 20mk (- 0.5 atm). The assimilative parenchyma of cabbage is a uniform friable tissue with big intercellular space volume: it is not subdivided into palisade and spongy. Mcsophyll cells of cabbage are capable to keep turgor even after 5-6-fold repetition of dehydration-hydration process.
Plaks A. V.
Aqueous-ionic relationship in guard cells: the role of aquaporins. pp. 21--26
Summary: The author has detected the electrical conductivity rectification effect observed at stomatal guard-cell plasma membrane of Rhoeo discolor. The studies have also shown that the above effect builds up when K+ concentration increases and drops in the presence of the classical blocker of potassium channels (TEA+). The research has shown that the identified outward-rectifying K+ channels participate in the decease in turgor pressure which occurs in guard cells, and these channels also provide the pathway for K+ efflux during the closing of the stomata. The author has investigated the influence of lateral cell water status on guard cell aperture. Osmotic permeability and hydraulic conductivity of guard cell membrane have been measured under various temperatures. The obtained results have given strong support to the fact that guard cell movements are connected with the facilitated water transport through water channels formed by aquaporins, while the aquaporins take part in the functioning of guard cells. The author proposes the model of guard cell structure, as well as the model of aqueous cytosolic homeostasis regulation.
Korseko M. N.
The influence of natural radioactive background on the plant-occurring biosynthesis of chlorophylls and carotenoids. pp. 27--30
Summary: The author has studied the influence of natural radioactive background on the plant-occurring biosynthesis of chlorophylls (a and b) and carotenoids. It has been shown that the biosynthesis of pigments in plants remains unaltered when natural radioactive background has been fully isolated.
The Earth composite of radioactive background and 40K have increased the biosynthesis of pigments in plants, while the cosmic composite has decreased the biosynthesis.
Shurkhai S. F., Artemuk E. G.
Antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts of certain medicinal plants. pp. 31--35
Summary: This paper describes a possibility to increase viability, as well as radio- and thermal stability of lupin, wheat and barley seeds. The method applied is to inhibit free radical peroxidation of lipids with the help of the cheapest available antioxidants of Hypericum perforatum L., Achillea millefolium L., Chelidonium majus L. and Urtica Dioica L. In the above row of medicinal plants, their antioxidant activity gradually decreases from Hypericum perforatum L. to Urtica Dioica L.
Lis L. S.
The sustainability evaluation of soil cover structure of various natural-industrial geosystems. pp. 36--43
Summary: Natural complexes manifest themselves through self-purifying and self-restoring functions of soil covers. The author has analyzed the sustainability of these complexes and singled out three physical-chemical-biological processes that activate the above functions. These processes are as follows: the removal of technogenic matters, metabolism and linking. The author has identified the list of indices that refer to the characteristics of territorial complexes. For the ease of operation, all indices have been grouped in 3 (three) informational blocks: the landscape structure, hydro-climatic potential and soil characteristics. The analysis of interrelations of all indices with resulting parameters has been made up. It elucidates the character of the change of the intensity of dispersion processes, metabolism and the linking of the technogenic matter flow. Due to this analysis, the point scales have been plotted to assess the impact rendered by analyzed indices. The concluding result has been presented as the coefficient of self-purification and self-restoration. This coefficient calculation for three areas of the Brest basic region having been inferred, the results obtained were analyzed.
Shakhbazov A. V., Brichkova G. G., Panyush A. S., Zaben'kova K. I., Maneshina T. V., Kartel N. A.
Mutational variability of Solanaceae plants as a result of foreign DNA insertion. pp. 44--47
Summary: Since transgenic plants are becoming widely used in agriculture, it is necessary to estimate possible side effects of trans-gene introduction into agriculturally important crops and to carry out multi-factor complex analysis of the consequences of foreign DNA insertion into plant genome. In this work, we study phenotypic changes that occur due to transgene insertion. We also investigate RAPD polymorphism variation. We show that it is important to consider mutations while introducing transgenic plants into agriculture.
Piskun S. G., Poliksenova V. D., Anokhina V. S.
The influence of toxic metabolites of Fusarium oxysporum non-tomato form on asexual and sex-determined tomato generations. pp. 48--51
Summary: The authors revealed the inhibitory influence of the cultural liquid filtrates, obtained from Fusarium oxysponim f. lini isolates, on the growth of tomato seeds. With the help of sporophyte and male gametophyte (pollen) reaction, the authors showed the basic possibility to use fusarium-resistant F. oxysporum isolates that were characterized by the narrow specialization of other kind for tomato genotype differentiation. It was established that the criteria of male gametophyte estimation had the most selective value.
Sycheva E. A., Dubovets N. I.
Tetraploid triticale as an object of cytogenetic investigations. I. The study of the level of individual chromosomes in meiotic pairing regulation. pp. 52--55
Summary: Using the collection of tetraploid triticale lines with single-variant karyotypes, the authors studied the influence of wheat chromosomes from homeologous groups 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 on the chromosome behaviour pattern in meiosis metaphase I. The relationship between the level of chromosome bivalent pairing and the composition of certain homeologous groups was revealed.
Mikhailova S. A., Zenevich L. A., Klimovich A. S., Kabashnikova L. F.
The state of plastid and nonplastid pigments of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) under high temperature influence. pp. 56--59
Summary: The adaptation of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) to high temperatures hinges on the changes in the intensity of growth processes and on the changes in the quantity of plastid (Chi. a, Chi. b and carotenoids) as well as nonplastid (anthocyanins) pigments. These changes occur during temperature impact and reparative period.
Makarov V. N., Kalitukho L. N., Kabashnikova L. F.
The action of 5-aminolevulinic acid on morphogenic activity of callus tissue of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). pp. 60--62
Summary: The action of exogenic 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) on processes of regeneration in culture in vitro is investigated. The low concentration of 5-ALA (1.0 -- 10.0 mg/l) caused formation of roots and shoots in the nonmorphogenic wheat callus tissue. The morphogenic activity and accumulation of photosynthetic pigments were reduced with the increase of 5-ALA content in the medium.
Skorinko E. V., Mel'nikova A. M., Konev S. V.
Ozone-induced plasma membrane permeability of yeast cells. pp. 63--67
Summary: The authors studied the influence of various molecular weight osmolytes on permeability of ozone-induced plasma membrane of C. utilis yeast cells. Yeast plasma membrane permeability damage can be mediated by nonspecific "pore" formation and/or efflux of low molecular weight metabolites which have protective activity.
Kurbat M. N., Lelevich V. V.
Amino acid content in rat brain stem under acute morphine intoxication. pp. 68--70
Summary: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of acute morphine intoxication on the content of amino acids and their derivatives in rat brain stem. The experimental data showed that the application of morphine in low doses (10 mg/kg b. w.) lead to pronounced amino acid disbalance as compared with other experimental groups (20 mg/kg b. w. and 40 mg/kg b. w).
Guseva G. F., Poplyko M. G., Timokhina N. I., Gorokh G. A., Klimko N. K.
Ceruloplasmine content in blood of rats with an experimental hypertheriosis under the impact of radionuclide-contaminated territories. pp. 71--73
Summary: The article presents the data on ceruloplasmine content in blood of animals with an experimental hypertheriosis under the long-term impact of Chernobyl NPP zone factors. The authors reveal the increased content of ceruplasmine in blood of Chernobyl zone inhabiting animals with hyper- and normal function of thyroid. They regard this increased content as the manifestation of protective-compensatory reactions and the activation of the antioxidant system. Taking into consideration the combined effect of investigated factors on the increase in ceruloplasmine content, the authors mark the determining role of low-intensive irradiation.
Timofeev S. F., Podolyak A. G.
The influence of fertilizers on 90Sr accumulation in agricultural plants. pp. 74--80
Summary: The authors provided field -- proven investigations on the influence of manure, peat, lake silt and their combinations on 90Sr uptake in barley, corn and potato.
The saturation of soil with organic substance and soil acidity reduction have resulted in the drop of 90Sr accumulation in plants.
At the start of the experiment, the 90Sr specific activity of barley grain varied from 75 Bk/kg to 132 Bk/kg. After 3 years of fertilizer applicatio, the 90Sr content in barley grain dropped to 39 Bk/kg.
Within certain period of time the authors have not revealed any increase in 90Sr accumulation in basic field cultures.
Moroz M. D.
Aquatic Coleoptera of the Berezina River (the Berezina Biosphere Reserve). pp. 81--84
Summary: The author studied the fauna of water beetles of the Berezina River in the Berezina Biosphere Reserve. It was found that 40 species of the above beetles belong to 7 families: Haliplidae -- 3 species; Noteridae -- 1 species; Dytiscidae --23 species; Gyrinidae -- 3 species; Hydrophilidae -- 6 species; Hydraenidae -- 3 species; Elmidae -- 1 species. It is concluded that the fauna of aquatic beetles is relatively rich and is represented by a number of species that are rare in Belarus and in Europe in general.
Bychkova E. I.
Peculiarities of the forming of parasite-host relations under the conditions of anthropogenic stress charged on ecosystems. pp. 85--87
Summary: The paper deals with the dynamic of parasite-host relations by helminths of murine rodents in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. Nine species of murine rodents collected on natural and anthropogenic territory in Belarus were examined for helminth parasites from 1996--2000. In this ecological conditions was classified helminth species as a host specialist anda generalist. Results of investigations show cosiderable change of optimal and obligate formes of parasite-host relations by ge-naralist species. Thus generalist species in murine rodents support definitive abundance level in natural and anthropogenic biocenoses.
Trukhan M. N., Tereshkina N. V., Lyutkevichyus G.
Peculiarities of the range of species and the ecology of midges (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) on the Curonian Spit. pp. 88--91
Summary: The 11 species of Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) have been recorded on the Curonian Spit. The data on the abundance of blood-sucking midges, its biothop distribution, seasonal activity and the role of Culicoides as a vector of Parahaemosporidia are discussed.
Solovei I. A., Sidorovich V. E., Adamovich S. G., Tikhomirova L. L.
Landscape-biotopic distinctions in habitat carrying capacity of small mammals and predators, their consumers, at transzonal forest complexes. pp. 92--99
Summary: The forest community consisting of small mammals and their consumer guild was studied in the Poozerre region, northern Belarus. The pronounced landscape-related differences in the habitat carrying capacity initially based on feeding conditions of the prey were found. A soil type, which has been formed on either sandy or clay deposits of the last glaciation, substantially affects the feeding conditions for small mammals. This determines the habitat carrying capacity for the small mammals, and, in turn, for micromammalian consumers. Much higher density of the predators was revealed in the "clay" landscape compared to the "sandy" landscape.
ОБЗОРЫ
Kuzhir T. D.
Applied problems of antimutagenesis. pp. 100--103
Summary: The paper is devoted to applied problems of antimutagenesis. It concerns the analysis of antimutagen effect specificity with respect to environmental factors depending on different experimental conditions. Some aspects of substance testing for antimutagenic activity are considered. An idea of applying antimutagens based on mechanisms of their action is proposed. Antimutagens can be used for preventing genetic consequences of environmental contamination. In particular, antimutagens of plant origin, including antioxidant components, vegetable fibers and a series of vitamins, are known to reduce risk of car-cinogenesis and other pathologies caused by mutagenic factors or oxygen reactive radicals. Antimutagen can be applied for correction of mutagenicity of quite definite xenobiotics. A new trend is revealing of substances capable for modulating DNA repair or regulating enzyme activity and the content of endogenous antimutagens involved in various defence reactions of organism, for instance, in electrophile-detoxifying systems or antioxidant defenses. The possibility of antimutagen application for biosphere protection is discussed.
Timoshenko A. V.
Lectins in medicinal plants. pp. 104--113
Summary: The review presents data about contents of lectins in officinal plants as well as about biochemical properties and biological activity of the purified lectin preparations. The special attention is focused on the resistance of plant lectins to environmental factors, lectin penetration into blood and systemic circulation from gastrointestinal tract, a modifying action of lectins on immune cells and other targets in organisms. It has been concluded that the lectin factor should be considered when analysing medicinal properties of plant-extracted preparations.
КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ
Sen L. A., Volodin V. G., Yelef A. V., Michalenko N. A.
Meiosis peculiarities featured by first-generation spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under the influence of g-radiation. pp. 114--116
Summary: The study of meiosis of spring wheat represented by three varieties revealed intervarietal differences according to the frequency and types of disturbances. Gamma-irradiation with 10 kCi dose increased the disturbance frequency during meiosis in all varieties. However, there were substantial differences in the variety response to the irradiation.
УЧЕНЫЕ БЕЛАРУСИ
Волотовский И.Д., Хотылева Л.В., Сущеня Л.М., Астапович Н.И.
Анатолий Георгиевич Лобанок (К 65-летию со дня рождения). C. 117--118
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Решетников В.Н., Сергейчик С.А., Мотыль М.М.
Евгений Антонович Сидорович (К 75-летию со дня рождения). C. 119--120
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Volotovsky I.D., Sushchenya L.M., Nikiforov M.Ye.
Eleonora Ivanovna Khot'ko (For jubilee). pp. 121--122
ХРОНИКА
Alexeichuck G. N.
ISTA 1st vigour testing workshop. International seed testing association. pp. 123--123
/ Издания академии / Научные журналы / К началу страницы
Разработана и поддерживается Николаем Н. Костюковичем. Последнее обновление: 11 ноября 2006 г.
Создана при участии Игнатия И. Корсака
Копирайт © 2003-2006 Национальная академия наук Беларуси
Копирайт © 2003 Издательство "Беларуская навука"
