Изв. Нац. академии наук Беларуси, Сер. мед.-биол. наук, 2002, No.4
/ Издания академии / Научные журналы
Изв. Нац. академии наук Беларуси, Сер. мед.-биол. наук, 2002, No.4
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Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси
СЕРИЯ МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ НАУКИздатель Беларуская навука, Минск, Республика Беларусь |
Number 4, 2002
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
PHYSIOLOGY AND GENERAL PATHOLOGY
Sokolova I.A., Savina N.A., Georginova O.A., Kuzenkov V.S., Shahnazarov A.A., Firsov N.N., Koshelev V.B.
Influence of different procedures of hypoxic training on blood rheology and stress susceptibility in rats. pp. 5--10
Summary: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of different procedures of hypoxic training on rheologic properties of the blood. In Wistar rats, two modalities of hypoxic training have been used including persistent (for 2 hours) or intermittent (three times for 40 minutes within 2 hours) exposure to hypobaric hypoxia simulated an altitude equivalent to approximately 5000 m (10% O2). In arterial blood samples stabilized with EDTA (0.002 g/ml) hematocrit, Casson viscosity, yield shear stress, filterability, and aggregability of red blood cells (RBC) were determined under 25 °C. Compared with the controls, the intermittently trained experimental group proved to be the only one with improved hemorheology, viz., decreased blood yield stress and RBC aggregability. Hemorheology as well as brain hemorrhages were also analyzed in rats of Krushinsky-Molodkina (KM) strain hereditary predisposed to audiogenic epileptiform seizures. The results indicated that just after the seizure, KM rats revealed the hyperviscosity / hyperaggregation syndrome in comparison with intact KM rats. Preliminary intermittent hypoxic training normalized hemorheology and improved clinical features in audio-stressed KM rats. The effects of the preliminary hypoxic training on the expression of stress-provoked seizures, subdural and subarachnoidal hemorrhages, and locomotor disorders in KM rats were also investigated using procedures of hypoxic exposure similar to the above mentioned ones, with the exception of utilization of normobaria instead of hypobaria. Both persistent and intermittent procedures of the hypoxic training with gas mixture containing 10% O2 prevented severe locomotor disturbances and mortality which sometimes accompanied the seizures, reduced the area of brain hemorrhages. However, only after the action of preliminary intermittent hypoxia, an amount of the animals with severe locomotor disorders decreased, and even the group of rats, which did not have at all any seizure-provoked motor disturbances, presented.
Haikovich Yu.V., Gourine V.N.
Effect of icv injected 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline on core temperature in rats exposed to high and low temperatures. pp. 11--13
Summary: In the present work the effect of 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline (8-SPT) applied to the III brain ventricle (50Mg) on core temperature of rats exposed to high and low temperatures was investigated. The results of this investigation indicate that in conditions of cooling and heating, 8-SPT (icv) increased deep body temperature in rats. Thus, it may be suggested that adenosine receptor blockade in the brainstem structures can lead to an increase in the core temperature.
Goldyuk Yu.N., Mikulik P.A., Kulchitsky V.A.
Pathophysiological aspects of "sick building syndrome". pp. 14--16
Summary: Examination of 184 students of both sexes and pubertal and juvenile ages in Minsk revealed sickness symptoms typical for sick building syndrome. These facts, in collation with literature data, allowed to propose a number of preventive measures aimed at increasing the time for outdoor activities, optimally reducing the time for doing home-work, minimizing the time of watching TV, and activating health-improving measures during outdoor lessons and at home.
Lobanok L.M., Solovyeva N.G.
Role of endothelium in regulation of vascular reactions on stimulation of adrenergic receptors: age aspects. pp. 17--23
Summary: It is investigated the role of endothelium in regulation of vascular reactions with stimulation of a- and b-adrenergic receptors and its modifying influence in various age periods. It is established that at young age, NO-system of endothelium is not enough accomplished: receptor-stimulating and basal synthesis/derivation of NO are at a lower level than at mature age. With age development, the increase of inhibitory influences of the endothelium on vasoconstrictor reactions of VMC takes place with stimulation of a-adrenergic receptors. The aging is accompanied by changes of the receptor device of vascular crates and easing of NO-mediated influences of the endothelium on a-adrenergic mechanisms of regulation of vascular tone, while the modifying influence of endothelium on p-adrenergic relaxation does not depend on stages of ontogenetic development.
Mironova G.P.
Functional state of serotoninergic structures of the small intestine in rats after neurotoxic lesion of the solitary tract nucleus. pp. 24--26
Summary: In experiments on white male rats, phasic changes in the activity of serotoninergic structures of the proximal and distal small intestine after unilateral (left) application of a toxic dose of kainic acid to the medial rostral solitary tract nucleus were found. 7 days after the injection, there was an increase in the content of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the duodenum, but not in the ileum. 14 days after the injection, no changes in the activity of serotoninergic structures of both segments of the small intestine, as compared with control, were observed, while 42 days after, there was an increase in the serotonin catabolism in the duodenum and its decrease in the ileum.
NEUROMORPHOLOGY AND NEUROCHEMISTRY
Volodko Ya.T., Shpakovski N.I.
Electron microscopic analysis of neuromuscular junctions in human abdominal rectal muscles at aging and under conditions of pathology. pp. 27--32
Summary: Neuromuscular synapses in human abdominal rectal muscles under conditions of pathology were analyzed in the age aspect. A close relation of age changes to the development of pathological processes at aging and significance of the data obtained for myohistology and surgical practice are emphasized.
Yemelyanova A.A., Morozova I.L., Soltanov V.V.
Influence of occlusion of superior mesenteric artery on visceral nerves electrical activity and ultrastructure of the small intestine and stomach. pp. 33--39
Summary: In acute experiments on thiopental -- anaesthetized rats, it was found that the occlusion of superior mesenteric artery (60 min) led to a significant increase in firing rate of the vagal afferent, efferent fibers, and sympathetic efferent fibers and evoked ultrastructural changes in the small intestine and stomach.
BIOCHEMISTRY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Pronko P.S., Kuzmich A.B., Bardina L.R., Satanovskaya V.I.
Role of enzyme systems metabolizing endogenous ethanol and methanol in the rats. pp. 40--44
Summary: Administration of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitor pyrazole to rats increased concentration of endogenous ethanol up to 50-100-fold and those of methanol by 4 to 6-fold in blood and tissues. Catalase and aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor cyanamide elevated significantly only blood and tissue endogenous methanol (by 2 to 4 fold). The combination of cyanamide and pyrazole had a significant additional effect on the endogenous methanol level. The aminotriazole (a catalase inhibitor) treatment resulted in significant elevation of the blood concentration of endogenous ethanol and methanol. The administration of the cytochrome P450 inhibitor metyrapone had no effect on the endogenous alcohol concentration. Our results indicate that ADH and catalase act as significant regulatory factors, decreasing the level of endogenous methanol and ethanol in the animal organism, and that they can produce formaldehyde and acetaldehyde from these endogenous alcohols in vivo.
Tropnikova G.K.
Changes in serotonin content in the rat brain after unilateral neurotoxic destruction of the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract. pp. 45--48
Summary: Unilateral (left) microinjection of kainic acid (1 mg/ml, 50 nl) to the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) induced different changes in the serotonin (5-HT) metabolism in the rat brain in different periodes after operation. These were initial activation of the 5-HT metabolism in the midbrain, ventromedial and ventrolateral medulla, and lumbosacral spinal cord (7 days), recovery of the 5-HT level in these regions to the control values (14 days), and decrease in the content of 5-HT and its major metabolite 5-HIAA in the dorsomedial medulla (the location of NTS, area postrema, dorsal vagal complex), hippocampus, and cerebellum (42 days).
PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
Umryukhin P.E.
Dysocylpine and cycloheximide inhibit suppression of c-Fos by delta-sleep peptide in paraventicular hypothalamus in rats. pp. 49--52
Summary: The effect of intracerebroventricular administration of a non-competitive NMDA-receptor blocker dysocylpine (MK-801) and protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide on delta-sleep inducing peptide (DSIP) suppression of the c-Fos immediate early gene expression was studied. The data obtained indicate that preliminary i. c. v. MK--801 or cycloheximide injection inhibit immediate early gene c-Fos suppression by DSIP in the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus.
VIROLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
Kirilchik E.Yu., Kapron M., Titov L.P.
Markers of allergic process in children with bronchial asthma. pp. 53--56
Summary: Cellular and soluble markers of allergic process in children with bronchial asthma are investigated. It is shown that children with bronchial asthma have significant decrease in CD3+, CD4+-cells, considerable increase in CD25+- cells, HLA-DR+-lymphocytes, soluble CD25 concentration, relative and absolute content of eosinophils, total IgE level, and concentration of specific IgE-antibodies to dust mite (d1) and horse's hair (e1). Content of markers of eosinoptdis activation (sECP, sCD23, EPX) increased in children with bronchial asthma.
Krivonos D.P., Krivonos P.S., Lapitsky D.V., Polenov S.A., Kulchitsky V.A.
Pathophysiological analysis of changes in the immune status of patients with pneumonia in conditions of prolonged psychoemotional stress. pp. 57--59
Summary: The immune status of 40 patients with light, moderate, and grave pneumonia was analyzed. Grave pneumonia was accompanied by signs of immune insufficiency (a decrease in the amount of T and B lymphocytes, in the concentration of class a immunoglobulins in blood serum, and in molecules CD4 and CD8 in blood). A hypothesis was proposed on possible mechanisms of transformation of a systemic inflammatory process (pneumonia in this particular case) by lipopolysaccharides, the translocation of which from the gastrointestinal tract to the internal milieu of the body increases in conditions of stress and dysbacteriosis.
MEDICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICAL GENETICS
Kirillov V.A., Yushchenko Yu.P., Paplevka A.A., Demidchik E.P.
Morphometric assessment of the degree of thyrocyte aggregability in diagnosis of malignant and benign thyroid pathology. pp. 60--66
Summary: An expert system has been developed, which is based on a set of morphometric parameters reflecting the regularities of pathological changes in size and architecture of thyrocyte aggregates with malignant and benign thyroid pathology. The weighting coefficients included into the system of parameters have been assessed. Principle of calculation of diagnostic index has been developed.
BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES
Martynova M.A., Nikolskaya V.P., Matus V.K. †, Bushmakina I.M., Konev S.V.
Degree of liposomal multilayers as regulator of incorporation of hydrophobic drugs (by the example of rifampicin). pp. 67--69
Summary: Antimicobacterial drug rifampicin incorporation into multilayered liposomes prepared by mechanical dispersion techniques is reviewed. Incorporation depends on a container used to preparate the vesicles, lipid concentration, and antioxidant concentration.
Martinovich G.G., Cherenkevich S.N., Denisov A.A., Molchanov P.G., Gleb S.P.
Calcium homeostasis modification in C6 and PC12 cells under oxidative stress. pp. 70--76
Summary: The mechanisms of H2O2-induced elevation of free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in pheocromocytoma PC12 cells and rat C6 glioma cells were investigated by using fluorescent analysis. H2O2 caused a biphasic dose-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i in both cell types. The results show that the initial rise was mediated by Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Extracellular influx was responsible for the sustained increase in [Ca2+]i during the second phase. The higher C6 cells capacity than PC12 cells to detoxify oxidants was shown. The prominent role of astrocytes in defense against oxidative stress in the brain was confirmed.
Azev O.A., Govorov M.I.
An electronic thermometer for small laboratory animals. pp. 77--78
Summary: A basic electrical circuit and description of an electronic thermometer intended for the measurement of organ and tissue temperature in small animals is given. The device can be used both separately and together with a computer.
SURVEYS
Ziganshin A.U., Ziganshina L.E., Burnstock G.
Basic and applied aspects of study of P2 receptors. pp. 79--84
Summary: The survey briefly describes a thirty-year history of study of physiology, pharmacology, and pathologic physiology of ATP receptors -- R2 receptors. The authors characterize subtypes of P2 receptors of two families and discuss potential clinical application of drugs affecting these receptors.
Kalyunov V.N., Gorbunova N.B., Petrusenko G.P., Tumilovich M.K.
Nerve growth factor as functional cytokine in immune system. pp. 85--99
Summary: The article analyses our own and literature data documenting that nerve growth factor influences the differentiation and proliferation of cellular elements of immune system. It is a secretogene, chemoattractant for them. It stimulates the synthesis of interleukins and antigens and is capable, of providing the coupling of the nervous and immune system.
Grinko I.V. †, Krivchik A.A.
Mechanisms of development of endotoxemia and biliary cirrhosis under extrahepatic cholestasis. Correction methods. pp. 100--109
Summary: Having summarized the results of prolonged comprehensive scientific investigation by the authors as well as data from the literature, a complex assessment of correlation mechanisms of increasing endotoxemia, fuctional liver insufficiency, fibrogenesis process as well as development of biliary cirrhoiss in chronic extrahepatic cholestasis is given. New facts on the mechanisms of formation of the connective tissue excess in the liver, cellular origin of its components, role of Gram-negative bacteria endotoxin, lypocytes and Kupffer cell, and deficiency of Vitamin A in the pathogenesis of biliary cirrhosis are analyzed. Eligibility of performing systemic month courses of enterosorption in chronic cholestatic liver impairment for biliary cirrhosis prophylaxis is proved.
Vinogradov V.V., Basinsky V.A.
Morphologic changes in thyroid in dwellers of the Grodno Region during the post-Chernobyl period. pp. 110--117
Summary: The work summarizes the rezults of the studies of the dynamics of the thyroid pathology in the Grodno Region (Belarus) in 1977 to 1997 with the allowance for the local ecological factors.
Kizyukevich L.S., Matsyuk Ya.R., Kizyukevich I.L.
Extrahepatic obturative cholestasis in mother and development of children: cause-and-effect relations. pp. 118--121
Summary: The review describes cytochemical, physiological, and morphological changes in the internal organs of the next generation, born by mothers with experimental extrahepatic cholestasis.
CHRONICLE
Ignatii Petrovich Antonov (On his 80th anniversary). pp. 122--123
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Created with assistance of Dr. Ignatii I. Korsak
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