Новости медико-биологических наук, 2004, No.1
/ Издания академии / Научные журналы
Новости медико-биологических наук, 2004, No.1
Number 1, 2004
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Pavlov I.P. -- the first physiologist, Nobel prize winner. pp. 5--6
PHYSIOLOGY AND GENERAL PATHOLOGY
Vylegzhanina A.V., Slyusarenko Yu.A., Ivleva Yu.A., Dubynin V.A., Andreeva L.A., Kamensky A.A.
The influence of beta-casomorphine-7 on the anxiety and depressive behavioural manifestations of rat pups at various ages. pp. 7--12
Summary: In our experiments we studied the behavioural changes after heptapeptide beta-casomorphine-7 injection to albino rat pups in elevated plus-maze and forced swimming tests. It was demonstrated that effects of the peptide (5 mg/kg) had a stable anxiolytic and antidepressive direction. In the elevated plus-maze test the effects of beta-casomorphine-7 were significant at the age of 28 days and in case of the forced swimming test - at the age of 35 days. The differences were naloxone-dependent. The effects of the N-terminal tyrosine-deprived analogue did not reach the level of reliability. Thus, it is possible to make a conclusion that the influence of beta-casomorphine-7 has an opioid character. The results obtained support the idea about the regulatory role of beta-casomorphine-7 in the early postnatal period, when the newborn mammals consume the maternal milk, in which caseins contain the fragments with opioid characteristics.
Sergeev V.A., Soltanov V.V.
Endotoxine modified adenosine effects on the electrical activity of duodenal and colonic smooth muscles in rats. pp. 13--18
Summary: In acute experiments on urethan - anaesthetized rats, it was found that intracolonic injection of 3 mM adenosine inhibited, whereas 10 µg LPS enhanced the electrical activity of smooth muscles in the injection site.
These local responses are accompanied by reflex probably by inhibition of smooth muscle potentials in the duodenum. LPS abolished the inhibitory effect of adenosine on the colonic and duodenal intestine.
Mokrushin A., Pavlinova L., Guzhova I., Margulis B.
Heat shock protein (HSP70) modifies evoked activity of olfactory cortex cells in vitro and protects them from acute anoxia. pp. 19--26
Summary: Synapses are the critical sites for the information transfer in the nervous system. It is important to maintain their stability under stress conditions with a view to prevent the breakdown of communication. Here we show that glutamatergic synaptic transmission in rat olfactory cortex slices is modulated by application of exogenous Hsp70 and is protected by it from acute anoxia. Using the method of recording the field potentials (FPs) evoked by electrical stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract (LOT), the amplitude of the presynaptic (compound action potential LOT - AP LOT) and postsynaptic (AMPAR and NMDAR EPSPs) components of FPs, and the neurotropic and protective effects of the exogenous Hsp70 application were investigated. Low concentration of Hsp70 (0.7 µg/ml) facilitated and higher (70 µg/ml) depressed the synaptic transmission. Both Hsp70 concentrations protected pre- and postsynaptic processes during 10 min anoxia. It is important that exogenous Hsp70 enhanced the tolerance of NMDA receptor complex to anoxic exposure, which usually provokes its irreversible damage. Thus, exogenous application of Hsp70 protects glutamatergic synaptic transmission in cortical structures of adult rat brain against severe stress and modifies its activity in normal conditions. These data extend the view of the Hsp70 mechanism of action in the mammalian nervous system and have important therapeutic implications in a search after new potent agents for improvement and correction of damaged brain functions.
Buhris S., Marmysh G.G., Zinchuk V.V.
Adaptive type of changes in blood oxygen transport in patients with obliterating arterial atherosclerosis of lower extremities. pp. 27--29
Summary: The aim was to study the blood oxygen transport in patients with obliterating arterial atherosclerosis of lower extremities. Inclusion of hypoxic/hypercapnic inhalation into the therapy of such patients improved oxygen supply to peripheral tissues, thus providing better results of the conservative treatment. The mechanism of such improvement is due to the changes in the blood oxygen-carrying capacity.
Sosnovsky A.S., Sudakov K.V., Kubatiev A.A.
Brain lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rat exposed to emotional stress. pp. 30--35
Summary: Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) were assayed in discrete brain regions of rats subjected to acute emotional stress (ES). ES resulted in different dynamics and rates of lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, TBARS) and activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) in the brain regions examined (hypothalamus, parietooccipital cortex, sensorimotor cortex, and g. cingularis). Hypothalamus was the site of the most rapid ES-induced changes in the balance between prooxidant and antioxidant systems. Individual features of the rat spontaneous behavior (open field) correlated with stress-induced changes in the brain TBARS levels and enzymatic antioxidant defenses. Low post-stress levels of TBARS were characteristic of rats displaying high scores of exploratory activity. Behaviorally active rats had higher baseline activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in the hypothalamus, amygdala, and midbrain, which tended to decrease after 1 h of ES. In contrast, rats displaying low levels of activity in hole-board test had lower baseline levels of antioxidant enzymes, which tended to increase after ES.
Bulghak A.A., Gourine A.V., Mrochek A.G.
Role of endothelial dysfunction in irreversible myocardial reperfusion injury. pp. 36--40
Summary: Despite that reperfusion of ischaemic myocardium is mandatory for reducing the ultimate damage, restoration of coronary blood flow per se can increase irreversible reperfusion injury, with an increasing infarct size. The involvement of different pathophysiological pathways has been proposed, including endothelial dysfunction through the reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide and the enhanced production of endothelin-1. The nitric oxide precursor L-arginine decreased the infarct size in an open coronary artery ligation rat model, when given i.v., during the last 5 min of 40-min-long ischaemia and the first 5 min of reperfusion. The endothelin-1 type A receptor antagonist LU 135 252 did not modify the myocardial infarct size. These results indicate that the endothelial dysfunction due to the decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide takes part in the development of irreversible myocardial reperfusion injury. Activation of endothelin-1 type A receptors does not play an important role in progression of the irreversible myocardial reperfusion injury.
Koshelev V.B., Krushinsky A.L, Kuzenkov V.S., Reutov V.P.
NO-synthase inhibitor reduces the protective effect of altitude-chamber adaptation to hypoxia in Krushinsky -- Molodkina rats. pp. 41--43
Summary: On a model of audiogenic epileptiform fit, Krushinsky-Molodkina rats, effect of the NO-synthase inhibitor L-NNA on the protective action of short-term adaptation to hypoxia that reduces acoustic exposure-induced stress damage. L-NNA in a dose 2.5 mg/100 g considerably diminished the protective effect of adaptation to a short-term (1 h) altitude chamber hypoxia, as made manifest from increased death rate, severity of motor disorders, and areas of subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhages. The results demonstrate the involvement of NO in mechanisms underlying the protective effect of short-term adaptation to hypoxia in Krushinsky-Molodkina rats under acoustic stress.
Djeric M., Rajkovic U., Lazetic В., Matavulj M., Lazetic-Kasas K.
Effect of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on lipid metabolism. pp. 44--49
Summary: All biological systems are probably sensitive to magnetic fields, presumably the nervous and endocrine systems being most sensitive. Biological effects of magnetic fields are numerous and insufficiently understood. Literature data on the effect of electromagnetic fields, and especially of low-frequency ones, are scarce. In this study we investigated the effect of everyday exposure of 56 male Wistar rats to a low-frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic field with the intensity in the range of 100-200 µT and 0.2 µT, applied for 4 hours daily in the course of 30 days, by measuring serum concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as body mass accretion. It was found that in the period of observation , the increase of body mass was significantly lower in comparison with control, the content of triglycerides was also significantly lower, whereas changes in the concentrations of total serum cholesterol were not statistically significant. It can be stated that electromagnetic radiation does influence lipid metabolism although it is difficult to derive more definite conclusions and explain the mechanism of action of this physical factor.
Sokolov V.V., Sankova I.V.
Age peculiarities of the uterine arteries. pp. 50--56
Summary: The investigation was performed on 120 uterus preparations of females, aged 16-90, without pathology of the internal sexual organs. A complex of morphological and morphometrical methods was used. Changes in the uterine wall vascularization , related both with age and the functional reconstruction of the arterial architectonics, were revealed. A morphological asymmetry of the uterine ar-teriol vessels was extablishd.
NEUROMORPHOLOGY AND NEUROCHEMISTRY
Reutov V.P., Samosudova N.V, Larionova, N.P., Chailakchyan L.M.
Ultrastructural changes in cerebellar neuron network under the influence of glutamate and NO-generating compound. pp. 57--60
Summary: Changes in the cerebellar synaptic contacts under the influence of damaging factors such as glutamate and nitric oxide (NO) (insult model) were revealed. It was shown that normal synaptic shape deflected, suggesting that the change in the synaptic configuration is a protective reaction and reflects the dynamics of neuron-to-neuron informative interaction. In turn glial cells formed spiral structures, "wrappings" around synapses. The changes in the cerebellar neuron network are possibly needed for maintaining the synaptic function in extreme conditions.
Krushinsky A.L., Kuzenkov Y.S., Reutov V.P., Koshelev V.B., Aleseenko A.A., Sorokina E.C., Kositzyn N.S.
Effects of L-arginine on the development of acoustic stress-induced disorders in rats Krushinsky--Molodkina strain. pp. 61--64
Summary: Effects of L-arginine on the development of stress-induced disorders were studied on a model of acoustic stress in Krushinsky--Molodkina rats genetically predisposed to audiogenic seizures, L-arginine at 20 mg/100 g body weight caused a decrease of the death rate, severity of motor disorders and areas of subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhages.
Kvacheva Z.В., Poleschuk N.N., Goranov V.A., Lobanok E.S., Kapitulec S.P., Kapitulec N.N., Rubanik L.Y.
Astroglial response and apoptosis development in scrapie model in vivo and in vitro. pp. 65--71
Summary: The paper is devoted to the important medical and biological problem - a role of astrocytes in of prion diseases. Morphofunctional parameters and markers of apoptosis were studied in a model of infection caused by scrapie agent (strain 263K) in the rat glioma cell culture (C6) and in hamsters. It was established that astrocytes were target cells for the scrapie agent. Reactions of astrocytes during infectious process were similar in animal CNS and glial cell culture and were multiphasic. On the one hand, the processes of compensatory character (hypertrophy, proliferation, and reactivation of astrocytes) took place, on the other hand, two independent mechanisms of the cell death were started, with apoptosis of astrocytes predominating over necrosis.
Voskresenskaya O.G., Golubovich V.P., Kamensky A.A.
Neurotropic activity of the synthetic analog of arginine-vasopressin C-terminal fragment. pp. 72--78
Summary: Effects of the synthetic analog Ac-D-MPRG on the exploratory activity, anxiety level and learning with positive or negative reward of rats were studied. The peptide was injected intranasally in doses of 0.001;0.01;0.1;1.0;10.0 mkg/kg one hour prior to testing . Ac-D-MPRG increased the vertical motor activity and decreased grooming in the "open-field" and "hole-board" tests. Ac-D-MPRG decreased the anxiety level in "elevated plus maze" test. Ac-D-MPRG accelerated the learning conditioning, the effect being more distinct in avoidanceconditioning with a negative reward. The most effective dose was 0.01 mkg/kg. Ac-D-MPRG administered intranasally on 3 to 21 days of life in a dose 10 mkg/kg increased the exploratory behaviour and decreased the anxiety level both immediatly after injections later (36-39 days of life). Ac-D-MPRG is more effective than arginine-vasopressin and its C-terminal fragments.
BIOCHEMISTRY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Bushma M.I, Zimatkin S.M., Bushma T.V.
Role of the xenobiotic biotransformation system 2 in the rat liver in predisposition to ethanol hepatotoxicity. pp. 79--84
Summary: A new approach to the determination of factors responsible for the predisposition to ethanol hepatotoxicity has been developed. Using the methods of multiple stepwise regression, correlation, canonical analyses and ANOVA, the relationship between individual peculiarities of biochemical processes in the liver prior to the effect of ethanol and the nature and degree of subsequent alcoholic damage to the organ was determined. It was demonstrated that rats with genetically high activity of alcoholdehydrogenase, cytochrome P4502E1 and NADPH-cytochrome P450-reductase are predisposed to ethanol hepatotoxitity. Besides, these animals have a reduced hepatic content of cytochrome b5, lower activity of UDP-glucuronyl- and glutathione-S-transferases, and low NADH oxidation rate.
Kanunnikova N.P, Bashun N.Z., Slyshenkov Y.S., Omelyanchik S.N., Raduta E.F., Moiseenok A.G.
Parameters of antioxidant protection and GABA bураss during blood flow disturbances in the rat brain. pp. 85--89
Summary: The content of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products, GABA bypass enzyme activity and levels of oxidized and reduced forms of glutathione in the rat brain during brain ischemia and reperfusion were studied. Oxidative stress induced by ischemia and reperfusion caused an increase in LPO products and activation of GABA bypass enzymes. The compensatory capacity of the antioxidant glutathione system and GABA bypass enzyme activity were depleted during a more prolonged oxida-tive stress.
Fedotova Yu.O.
Effects of subtype 1 serotonergic receptor agonists on the behavior and blood level of sex hormones in intact and оvariectomized female rats. pp. 90--98
Summary: Effects of chronic administration of the 1A subtype serotonergic receptor agonist -- 8-OH-DPAT (0.05 mg/kg, s.c.) and the 1B/2C subtype serotonergic receptor agonist - m-CPP (Sigma, Germany) (5.0 mg/kg, i.p.), injected separately or in combination with 17 b-estradiol (0.5 µg per animal), within 14 days on the behavioral and hormonal status of the intact and ovariectomized (OVX) adult female rats were studied. The learning was investigated on a model of passive avoidance performance, the behavior of animals was assessed in the "open field" test and elevated plus maze, the levels of hormones were determined by immunoenzyme assay. Both agonists completely normalized passive avoidance performance and reduced anxiety in OVX rats in the elevated plus maze as compared to control OVX rats. However, the behavioral effects of 8-OH-DPAT and m-CPP in the "open field" test in OVX rats were similar to the effects of these agonists on the behavior of intact rats. Administration of 17b-estradiol in a combination with 8-OH-DPAT or m-CPP also completely corrected passive learning, but did not change the level of anxiety in the elevated plus maze, and in the "open field" test there was even inhibition of the general locomotor and emotional activities as compared to control OVX rats. A hormonal analysis showed, that 1A and 1B/2C subtype serotonergic receptor agonists in OVX rats decreased the FSH, progesterone and estradiol concentrations in blood, whereas combined administration of the agonists and 17b-estradiol let to a deep fallin FSH and LH, as well as in progesterone and estradiol. Thus, the results indicate the involvement of serotonergic receptors of 1A and 1B subtypes in the mechanisms of behavioral realization and the hormonal control in OVX female rats.
Baider L.M., Zhumabaeva T.T., Kuropteva Z.V.
Production of nitric oxide by leukocytes under ascorbic acid action. pp. 99--102
Summary: Influence of ascorbic acid on suspensions of the blood elements was studied using EPR method. It was found that nitrosyl complexes HEM-NO appeared in the samples of the bbod suspension with Ascorbic acid. Erythrocytic hemoglobin was used as a natural trap far nitric oxide being formed. Ascorbic acid induced the nitric oxide formation by leukocytes.
Rusina I.M., Makarchikov A.F.
Physico-chemical and kinetic characteristics of bovine kidney mitochondrial tiamine triphosphatase. pp. 103--107
Summary: An enzyme with thiamine triphosphatase activity was partially purified from mitochondrial fraction of bovine kidney using ammonium sulfate salting out, gel-filtration, ion-exchange and hydrophobic chromatography. The enzyme is not distinguishable from cytosolic ThTPase (EC 3.6.1.28) in terms of the molecular mass and pH-optimum, and exhibits an absolute dependence on Mg2+ ions and high substrate specificity. Nevertheless, these enzymes were shown to have different isoelectric points and to differ in an apparent affinity for ThTP. The results indicate the occurrence of multiple ThTPase forms with different subcellular localization in bovine kidney.
Vinogradova T.A., Vodoyevich V.P., Artsukevich A.N. †, Martynchick D.T., Karput S.N., Gurinovich V.A., Vinogradov V.V.
Optimization of morphofunctional parameters of membrane structures of contractile cells in the rat heart under immobilisation stress. pp. 108--114
Summary: After 72 hours the immobilization stress resulted in energy depletion of the rat left ventricular myocardium, disintegration of the ultrastructure of the mitochonclrial and contractile apparatus and oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria, changes in physical properties of the lipid matrix of mitochondrial membranes. The stabilizing effects of thiamine with respect to oxidative phosphorylation in cardiomyocyic mitochondria and fluidity of their membranes were observed at the peak of stress hormone content in the blood, which confirms stress stimulation of the changes and an antistress character of vitamin B1 action.
PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
Sukhinin A.A., Losev N.A., Sapronov N.S.
Pharmacological correction of stress and immunodeficiency by ethymizol. pp. 115--124
Summary: Inhibition of the immune response, induced by veterinary treatment, migration of birds, spontaneous sensitization, unsatisfactory microclimate, etc. leads to a considerable reduction of the efficiency of vaccination and an increase in the avian suspec-tibility to conditionally pathogenic and saprophytic microorganisms, viruses and other agents.
Ethymizol, a drug that possesses elements of nootropic, neurotropic, stress protective, and immunostimulating activity, can be used to correct pathological states. In conditions of artificially induced immodeficiency the drug facilitates recovery of a number of physiological functions. It increases the DNA and RNA biosynthesis, incorporation of radioactive aminoacid into proteins of lymphoid organs, metabolic activity of gamma globulins, the content of T- and B-lymphocytes, and augments the live mass and safety of chickens.
The immunostimulating and stress protective effects of ethymizol allow to suggest that the drug will be widely applied in industrial poultry farming.
Golubeva M.В., Kuzmitsky B.В., Isaenya L.P., Bondar N.F.
Prostaglandin H aza analogues as modulators of immune response. pp. 125--129
Summary: Immunomodulating activity of eleven 7-oxo-9, 11-ethano-13-aza analogues of PGH on the B- and T-cellular immunity at doses of 1.0--20.0 mkg/kg, administered orally once, in CBA mice was studied. It was established that the immunotropic effect was dose-dependent. Six of the prostanoids were immunostimulators, four - immunodepresswe. One of the compounds possessed maximum stimulating effect, which resulted in a two-fold increase in B-cellular response. Three of the compounds depressed this parameter by 1.8--2 times.
BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES
Slobozhanina E.I., Komissarova S.M., Kozlova N.M., Lukyanenko L.M., Kostin D.G.,. Moroz-Vodolazhkaya N.N, Sidorenko G.I.
Reversible myocardial dysfunction: possibility of using of noninvasive diagnosis. pp. 130--136
Summary: It was studied possibility of using of noninvasive stress-test of echocardiography (echo-CG) and electrocardiotopography (EGG-mapping (60 leads)) with dobutamin, and also biochemical and biophysical parameters for diagnostics of hibernating and stunned myocardium at patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) with a various degree it dysfunction. It was shown, that the stress-tests - echo-CG and EGG-mapping (60 leads) with dobutamin probe have high sensitivity and specificity in diagnostics of convertible myocardium dysfunction left ventricular at the patients with IHD. The data about physic-chemical state of erythrocytes (ratio of the activities superoxide dismutase and glutationperoxidase, parameters of the fluorescence lipophylic probes included in the lipid bilayer of membranes erythrocytes) can be useful for an estimation of a degree oxidative stress in red blood cells at the patients with IHD under hibernation and stunning.
Bichan O.D., Samal А.В., Shulyakovskaya S.M.
Forskolin- and adenosine-induced changes in cANP and intracellular concentration of Ca2+ in ADP-activated platelets. pp. 137--142
Summary: It is shown, that forscolin is capable to induce disaggregation of platelet aggregates formed by 20 µM ADP. At action of forskolin the intracellular concentration cAMP was increased and Ca2+ removal from cytoplasm was accelerated in ADP-activated platelet. The adenosine did not induce disaggregation of platelet aggregates, increased level cAMP and did not influence on Ca2+ removal from cytoplasm. Is assumed, that the mechanism of platelet disaggregation of platelet is linked to activation of the systems reducing concentration of aggregat-mobilized Ca2+ - ions.
MEDICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICAL GENETICS
Zubritskya G.P,. Lukyanenko L.M., Slobozhanina E.I., Kozarezova T.I., Klimkovich N.N.
Microvesicular process in erythrocytes of children with aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. pp. 143--146
Summary: A comparative investigation of erythrocyte microvesicular kinetics children in healthy and those aplastic anemia (AA) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was carried out. It was shown that the vesiculation of erythrocytes under metabolic depletion of cells in children with ill MDS and AA increased. This damages could cause dysplastic changes of erythrocytes, revealed by morphological examination of peripheral blood and bone marrow in children with MDS, and reduce the life time of erythrocytes in children with AA and MDS.
REVIEW
Poputnikov D.M., Melenchuk E.V., Haikovich Yu.V., Viktorovich I.V., Gourine A.V.
The role of extracellular adenosine triphosphate in the central mechanisms of thermoregulation. pp. 147--157
Summary: In experiments with the use of physiological and morphological (immunohistochemical) methods and pharmacological analysis, the hypothesis of the involvement of extracellular ATP in the central mechanisms of body temperature regulation was confirmed. ATP by acting on P2 receptors of brainstem neurons was found to influence the functioning of the thermoregulatory centers. The distribution of neurons with P2X receptors in the hypothalamus and medulla of rats was demonstrated, the dependence of body temperature in rats exposed to high and low temperature and pyrogens on the activity of central purinergic mechanisms involving extracellular ATP was studied, and effect of ATP on the electrical activity of anterior hypothalamic neurons was investigated.
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