Èçäàòåëü Èíñòèòóò ôèçèîëîãèè ÍÀÍ Áåëàðóñè, Ìèíñê, Ðåñïóáëèêà Áåëàðóñü
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ÍÎÂÎÑÒÈ ÌÅÄÈÊÎ-ÁÈÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÍÀÓÊ Èçäàòåëü Èíñòèòóò ôèçèîëîãèè ÍÀÍ Áåëàðóñè, Ìèíñê, Ðåñïóáëèêà Áåëàðóñü |
Summary: The study deals with a development of a new electroneuromyographic technique of radial nerve investigation and conduction block definition at the spiral groove level using surface electrodes. The diagnostic efficiency of two sets of parameters for a radial nerve research in norm and in patients with radial nerve compression neuropathy in the spiral groove. Were compared using a multivariate statistical analysis. The use of the set of parameters developed by us forms harmonious relations between them, the first factor describes pathological parameters, and the second - normal. The presented technique may be used for determining the conduction block in patients with radial nerve compression neuropathy in the spiral groove.
Soltanov V.V., Rudaya A.Y.
Changes in the afferent and sympathetic efferent activity, induced by administration of lipopolysaccharide E. coli into the colonic lumen. pp. 13--17
Summary: In acute experiments on thiopental-anesthetized rats it was found that a relatively small dose (1 µg) of LPS administered into the colonic lumen significantly inhibited the afferent activity of abdominoaortal nerve, as well as sympathetic efferent activity of splenic nerve. A higher dose of pyrogen (10 µg) led to the opposite effects - the afferent and sympathetic efferent firing of the corresponding nerves rose as compared to the control. Existence of the mechanism of interoceptive reflex control of immune organ reactions was supposed.
Sidorov A.V., Gourine V.N.
Effect of temperature on the electrical activity of mechanosensory neurons in the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis. pp. 18--19
Summary: Electrophysiological parameters of identified mechanosensory neurons (Ve cluster) in Lymnaea stagnalis were studied at different temperature ranges. These cells did not demonstrate marked temperature sensitivity at 2--30 °C. At temperatures above 30 °C a reduction of the electrical activity of Ve-cells was observed.
Raevsky V.V., Stephenson J.D.
A microiontophoretic study of effects of selective dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists on unit activity in the rat globus pallidus. pp. 20--25
Summary: Sprague--Dawley rats were used to study the influence of local application D1 and D2 receptors of antagonists (SCH 23390 and raclopride, respectively) on neuronal responses in globus pallidus evoked by stimulation of the somatosensory cortex. SCH 23390 produced à short-latency inhibition and to block the long-latency inhibition in response to cortical stimulation. Raclopride suppressed the short-latency inhibition and revealed the long-latency inhibition in response to cortical stimulation. It is suggested that the results demonstrate the modulation of the ÑÀÂÀ release in striato-pallidal terminals by endogenous dopamine.
Rubakhov A.M., Ross A.I., Katlinskaya K.Y., Yanchuk E.S., Pashkevich S.G., Kulchitsky V.A.
Psychophysiological features and cognnitive performance of pupils of the upper school. pp. 26--29
Summary: Features of maturing cognitive functions of pupils of the upper forms in gymnasium No 214 were analysed. The cognitive performance was found to reduce beginning from the 5th to the 8th forms and to increase in the 9th forms. Changes in the cognitive performance are underlain by psychophysiological features of adolescents, related with sexual maturation and a combination of factors of social origin.
Antipenko A.A., Degtiarev Y.G., Kazbanov V.V., Pesotskaya Y.A., Sprinjuk M.V.,Yarosh N.V., Rozhnova L.E., Tsvikevich V.V., Semak I.V., Kulchitsky V.A.
Disturbances in the circadian mechanisms of control of nociceptive reflexes after extirpation of superior cervical sympathetic ganglia in rats. pp. 30--33
Summary: Bilateral extirpation of superior cervical sympathetic ganglia in rats was accompanied by transformation of the pattern of nociceptive reflexes. Within 7 post-operative days, one group of animals, instead of the typical increase in the tail-flick latency in the evening time, showed its decrease whereas another group showed hypoalgesia instead of hyperalgesia , typical for the evening time. Simultaneously, the diurnal control of the arterial pressure and deep body temperature levels was disturbed. The results are one more argument in favour of the hypothesis of the key role of signaling coming by sympathetic fibres to the epiphysis from the retina via suprachiasmatic nuclei and brainstem cell populations controlling the activity of sympathetic preganglionic neurons.
Mardas D.K.
Activity of proteinase inhibitors and concentration of iodine-containing thyroid hormones and corticosterone in blood of rats with experimental endotoxemia. pp. 34--38
Summary: Application of LPS E. coli (100 µg/kg, i. p.) led to an increase in the activity of the proteinase inhibitors a1-antitrypsin and inhibitors a2-macroglobulin and the concentration of corticosterone and a decrease in the concentration of triiodothyronine and thyroxine. It is suggested that the opposite changes in the proteinase - proteinase inhibitor, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, and pituitary-thyroid systems are a mechanism that limits proteolysis in conditions of endotoxemia.
Rudaya À.Y., Soltanov V.V.
Changes in the afferent activity of mesenteric nerves, induced by administration of lipopolysaccharide E. coli into the small and large intestine. pp. 39--43
Summary: In acute experiments on 46 anesthetized rats, it was found that intraintestinal injection of 1 µg of LPS modified the afferent activity of superior mesenteric nerves in the site of injection. The responses varied in different departments of GIT. Afferent conductors of the jejunum and proximal ileum responded to 1 µg of LPS with increasing their activity, whereas the sensory endings of the appendix and terminal ileum reacted to the same dose of endotoxin with decreasing their firing rate. This variability is likely to be due to the existence of cranio-caudal gradients of intestinal flora and lymphoid formations.
Poputnikov D.M., Melenchuk E.M., Gourine A.V.
A study of the involvement of adenosine in the central mechanisms of body temperature regulation during endotoxin fever. pp. 44--46
Summary: In experiments with the use of physiological methods and pharmacological analysis, the hypothesis of the involvement of extracellular adenosine in the central mechanisms of body temperature regulation was confirmed. The blockade of adenosine receptors in the anterior hypothalamus can decrease endotoxin-induced hyperthermia.
Korolkov V.I., Krotov V.P., Gordeev Yu.V., Lazarev A.O., Burkovskaya T.E., Dotsenko M.A., Durnova G.N., Kaplansky A.S., Chistyakov I.N., Vasilieva O.N.
Physiological reactions of primates to 9-day immersion and prolonged head-down tilt. pp. 47--51
Summary: The purpose of the investigation was to compare physiological reactions of primates (two groups of Macaca Mulatta primates, 12 animals in each, at the age of 3.5 -- 5 years and with a body mass 4.5 to 7 kg) to microgravity simulated by immersion and head-down tilt (HDT). To prevent stress reactions to a changed situation, the animals were given a course of gradual habituation to motor restrain systems. In immersion experiments, primates in waterproof suits were put into motion-restraining chairs and immersed breast-deep into water (t = 34.5°C) for 9 days. In 10--30-day HDT experiments, prone primates were restrained in tilt beds at an angle of 5°C. It was found that the central nervous system functioning was significantly affected, the plasma volume reduced, and the marrow erythropoietic function declined. Atrophy in inferior limb muscles and osteopenia of the iliac crest spongy bone developed. Loss in hydration, inhibition of hemopoiesis, atrophy of muscles, and iliopectineal spongy osteopenia were more pronounced following immersion than HDT.
Summary: Acute experimental colitis in rats at day 4 of observation was characterized by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mucosal epithelial cells in the descending colon and penetration of immune system cells from lamina propria into this layer. The number of nerve plexuses in the submucosal layer decreased, the fibrous tissue expanded, and macrophages and lipid inclusions accumulated in this region. Metabolic processes in nerve and glial cells of n. tractus solitarii intensified, as evident from a considerable quantity of lysosome-like formations. There was a growing number of irreversibly damaged axonal terminals and dendrites. Macrophages in some extended perivascular spaces were more frequent than in intact animals, which is an example of close interaction and mutual influences between the nervous and immune systems in conditions of the pathology under study.
Summary: Effect of 2-hour antiorthostatic hypokinesia on the functional state of serotoninergic structures of the brain and small intestine in the white male rats was studied. A significant (2-fold) increase in the serotonin content at the dorsal vagal complex and activation of duodenal serotoninergic structures were found. The results indicate a possible involvement of the dorsovagal serotoninergic structures in the mechanism of disturbing the regulation of the secretory and motor functions of the gastrointestinal tract under conditions of antiorthostatic hypokinesia.
Hubich O.I., Koroleva E.V., Chernikhova T.V., Sholukh M.V.
Synthesis and structure -functional analysis of 11-deoxyprostaglandin E1 analogues with modified w-chain. pp. 64--69
Summary: The structure-activity relationship of a new series of 11-deoxyanalogues of PGE1 was studied. The significance of different modifications in w-chain for activation of adenylyl cyclase system in rat hepatocytes was shown.
Summary: In experiments on hippocampal slices of newborn rats, it was found that in conditions of activation or blockade of ionotropic glutamate receptors there was a decrease in the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic potentials in stratum radiatum of the CA1 area in response to paired stimulation of Schaffer collaterals. Thus, perfusion of the brain slices with ibotenic (10-5 M) or kynurenic (10-6 M) acid was accompanied by a progressive inhibition of the generation of postsynaptic potentials, and 20-30 min after cessation of the perfusion with the glutamate receptor agonist or antagonist the amplitude of responses recovered. It was concluded that pharmacological modulation of the functional state of hippocampal glutamate receptors with a view to regulating the synaptic transmission can be a technique of controlling the formation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials in the hippocampal CA1 area and preventing the neurotoxic effects of excitatory amino acids.
Summary: The aim of the research was to select factors of the sportsmen's psychophysiological status in order to optimize sport activities and forecast the growth of sportsmanship. We conclude that for international-level sportsmen, irrespective of gender, it is necessary to carry out check measurements of the state of sensory systems, to assess organisational types of the brain hemispheres and temporal parameters of the basic posture not less than once in three weeks. For major competitions, screening at the beginning and the end of a preparatory cycle is obligatory. Using factor analysis, differences in factors that determine the level of sportsmanship are defined.
Bychkov A. V., Putyerski I. N., Semenenya I. N.
Invertebrate models in working out the problems of chronosurgery (at an example of the earthworm E. foetida). pp. 81--87
Summary: The article provides the examination of halves survival of earthworms E. foetida depending on the time in the day and night cycle at the moment of the cross-vivisection halving operation. First maximum of survival values of the worms halves corresponded to the time interval of vivisection 02.01--05.00 hours (the time in second half of the night), second maximum corresponded to the time interval of vivisection 17.01--20.00 hours (evening time). Minimum of survival values of the worms halves corresponded to the time interval of vivisection 14.01--17.00 hours (afternoon). The regression model describing the survival of the worms halves depending on the following factors 1) exact time moment of the worms vivisection in the day and night cycle, 2) the number of days after vivisection, 3) length of the day on the moment of vivisection is built.
Razumovitch J.A., Semenkova G.N., Fuchs D., Cherenkevich S.N.
Generation of reactive oxygen and chlorine species by neutrophils under the action of neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin. pp. 88--93
Summary: Effects of neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin on the ability of peripheral blood neutrophils to generate reactive oxygen and chlorine species (ROCS) were studied. It was shown that pteridines cause changes in the release of different ROCS, which may be important for intra- and intercellular signaling.
Pavlukova S.A.
Criteria of the efficiency of magnetotherapy in puerperants with gestational diabetes mellitus. pp. 94--96
Summary: The results of ultrasound investigation of the blood flow in puerperants with gestational diabetes mellitus upon a course of magnetotherapy were analyzed. Criteria of the efficiency of magnetotherapy in such patients were worked out. The data obtained substantiate the expediency of magnetotherapy for puerperants with gestational diabetes with a view to optimizing their postpartum functional state.
Summary: In acute experiments it was shown that metabolic activation consequences by the number of cells with apoptotic features and micronuclei were more pronounced in the thymus than in the bone marrow. Preliminary administration of b-naphthoflavone promoted to a greater extent the activation of apoptosis processes in the thymus after AZQ and streptonigrin administration. T-butylhydroquinone favored to a greater extent a rise in the number of cells with micronuclei.
Summary: This paper is a review of the literature, summarizing the data on the effects of acute and chronic ethanol load on the functional activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis effects of ethanol on the pituitary-adrenal axis under stress, its effect on steroid-binding blood proteins and steroid tissue receptors, as well as some mechanisms of alcohol effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The functional state of the pituitary-adrenal axis in animals with varying ethanol-induced, sleep time and the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the development of tolerance to ethanol are discussed.
Sudakov K.V.
The functional systems theory and its application in physiology and medicine. pp. 109--133
Summary: This is a review of the present-day concepts of the units of integrative action of the organism, i.e. functional systems whose activity is aimed at achieving favorable adaptive results in norm and pathology.