The members of the Academy of Sciences are Full Members (Academicians), Corresponding Members, Honorary and Foreign Members of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. The number of Full Members and Corresponding Members of the Academy of Sciences is established by the President of the Republic of Belarus, and accordingly to the Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus №56 of February 3, 2003 composes 100 Academicians and 145 Corresponding Members of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Currently, the Academy of Sciences consists now of 81 Academicians, 120 Corresponding Members, 2 Honorary Members and 12 Foreign Members of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.

Accordingly to the Laws of the Republic of Belarus "On scientific activities" and "On the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus", the titles of Full Member (Academician) and Corresponding Member of the National Academy of the Sciences of Belarus are the academical scientific titles and are awarded to well-known scientists - citizens of the Republic of Belarus accordingly to the results of elections conducted by the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. The presence of the scientific degree of the Doctor of Sciences is the necessary condition for awarding these academical scientific titles.

The elections of Academicians and Corresponding Members of NAS of Belarus are conducted once every two or three years in the existing vacancies in specialties approved by the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences, in accordance with the Statute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus and the Regulations on Election of Members of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Academicians and Corresponding Members of NAS of Belarus are elected by secret voting by the General Meeting of the Academy of Sciences.