Natural Resources, 2003, No.4

PRIRODNYE RESURSY (Natural Resources) Published by The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus & The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Protection of the Republic of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus

Number 4; 2003

CONTENTS

Water Resources

Summary: The results of complex assessment of recreational nature potential of 1 500 Belarusian lake water areas in the form of regional factors limiting their recreational use for specific types of rest are presented. The structure of regional factors restricting recreational activity in the lake water areas is defined. It consists of transparency, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and bichromatic oxidability (for swimming and diving), length (for water skis, rowing); the area water (for water skis, sailing vessels, yachts, rowing in boats and canoe); biomass of underwater macrofites (for diving). In compliance with identified factors restricting complex use of the lake area for rest, maps of spatial differentiation of the lake area by indicated factors have been made and their analysis is presented.

Biological Resources

Summary: It has been noted that larch European is rather a perspective species to be cultivated in Belarusian woods. This plant is notable for high growth indices, resistance to diseases and insect injuries. Its timber is characterized by enhanced hardness, ability to be well preserved in water and soil. Thanks to annual fur change the larch possesses an enhanced resistance to industrial emissions and binds enormous volume of carbonic acid gas. Especially topical is larch cultivation due to mass drying-in of fur tree plantings. It is emphasized that accumulative experience of larch cultivation in Belarus cannot be considered successful. During the post-war period over 10 000 trees of Siberian and European larch were planted in the country. However, only 733 hectares have been preserved by now, and over 60 % of larch plantings are located in Belarus lake area, this being an evidence of rather favorable growth conditions in the region and necessity of updating its cultivation technology processes. Investigations of growth and evolution of plantings of larch European with 650 trunks per hectare tree-stand density aging 70 years have showed that it grows by class 1a of soil quality. Average tree-stand diameter is 29,4 cm, average height - 26,8 m, section areas summing - 44,6 m2, reserve - 800 m3 per hectare. The plantings are notable for abundant fruit bearing. It is noted that a rare endemic larch Carpathian subspecies of the larch European - a larch Polonika subspecies can be met. Its main advantage is that unlike the larch European a saber-shape form is not specific to its trunk. Test larch Polonika crops were created in 1989. Its biometrical indices exceed greatly fur-tree European crops. Thus, average larch trunk volume on the uprooted glade at the age of 15 is 0,15 m3 and 3 times exceeds the check index of a fur tree. It has been stated that a glade wide-band uprooting made no negative impact on larch growth intensity. It is stressed that investigated larch Polonika test crops are found to be the only ones in Belarus and thus present scientific and economical value as they can be utilized to obtain qualitative seed material and to create wood-seed plantations.

Land Resources

Summary: The potential of agricultural production in Minsk region is considered on the basis of cadastre evaluation. According to the general degree of cadastre evaluation, all agricultural lands are divided into four groups: best, that cover 18,1 % of districts in Minsk region; good - 27,3 %; average - 45,5 %; below average - 9,1 %. The average general degree of cadastre evaluation varies from the lowest - 24,9 in Logoisk and Myadel districts, to 42,0 in Nesvizh district, while the average degree for the region is 30,8 and for the country 29,1. Differentiated approach is an objective indicator for determining the value of the land tax rate and for its differentiation among the land users. It fluctuates in the districts within the range of 140...428 dollars ("equivalent units") per hectare, while the average value for the region is 246 dollars per hectare and for the country - 217 dollars per hectare. Relative profitability of agricultural production depends on the quality of land and is characterized by the normative net income. This income is calculated according to normative expenses on cultivation by agricultural organizations without taking into consideration expenses of the state. Its average rates in the districts of Minsk region vary from 42 to 194 dollars per hectare with fluctuations from (37 to 239 dollars per hectare. The most important and intensively used among agricultural lands are cultivated lands (arable land, improved hay meadows and pastures) making up 1, 51 mln hectares or 79,1 % of all agricultural lands. According to favorable conditions of cultivation the lands are divided into 7 groups that are united into three categories: good, satisfactory and bad land. Such a division is the basis for isolation of fertile lands for further intensive exploitation with concentration of means of production. The data on the areas of cultivated lands with subdivision in quality groups and categories are given, and a map of the quality structure of cultivated lands in Minsk region is made. This report stresses the importance and high correlative dependence of the level of agricultural production on the main and circulation funds and on the labor payment level.

Nature Management

Summary: In the article the main theoretical postulates of foreign and native scientists in the field of the creation and development of economic-geographical statements about the role of natural resources in the social and economical development of the society are analyzed in the chronological sequence. In particular, the major positions of such alternative paradigms as environmentalism and geographical possibilism, their influence on the idea of society and nature interaction are considered. The role of regionalism as a tendency that determined economical and geographical approaches to the study of territorial differentiation of social and economical parameters of regions based on the concepts of geographical division of labor is shown. The development stages of sectional and quantitative directions in the investigation of natural conditions and resources with a priority of mathematical analysis are also considered in the paper. The application of the mathematical analysis allows solving a number of problems such as the productive forces distribution, theoretical concepts in the sphere of economical and social geography of the beginning and middle of the XX century. It is shown that the main problem of harmonization of the environment and society development has not been solved for this period of time despite of essential achievements in the theory and practice of the environment management. New tendencies in science development including an economical, social and ecological aspects of social relations, concern about the future generations have naturally called for a new geography vision called a paradigm of sustainable development. The concept of sustainable development includes all types of social, ecological and economical problems of modern society. An attempt is made in the paper to recognize that nowadays the paradigm of sustainable development becomes a theoretical and methodological foundation for further investigations. They will include spatial processes, organization of human life and social production, first of all, from the point of view of human interests such as work conditions, life, rest, individual development and reproduction of life in the harmony with the nature and without damage for future generations.

V. S. Khomich, S. V. Kakareka, T. I. Kukharchyk, V. V. Parphyonov
SPATIAL STRUCTURE, LEVELS AND SOURCES OF URBAN SOILS POLLUTION OF THE MINSK CITY. pp. 42-53

Summary: In the paper the results of long-term investigations of the soil condition in Minsk are discussed. Main attention is paid to soil pollution by heavy metals as their state indicator. Statistical parameters of heavy metals distribution in soils are shown, spatial structure of pollution is described. Assessment of the level of soil pollution by Summary Index of Pollution is done. It was detected that areas with pollution of soil above Maximum Permissible Levels occupy about 15 % of the city territory. Features of soil pollution by petroleum products and sulphates are shown. It is shown that the highest levels of pollution are connected to industry enterprises and other impact sources, and especially to local treatment facilities. Possible sources of soil pollution are discussed.

I. M. Malakhov
CRITERION OF TECHNOGENESIS IN GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT. pp. 54-63

Summary: During last decades the volume of mining operations became comparable to the combined surface area of the planet. The total area of "badlands" and "brown fields" in the 1960s was evaluated to be at about 4,5 million km2 (or 3 % of dry land). In 2000 their total area achieved 6,0 million km2. For the past 30 years, about (5,0...9,5)·1010 tons of mining mass has been mined out of the Earth each year. Unfortunately, only 1...2 % of this giant flow of row material come up to consumers. The rest, at about 98 %, is waste. Moreover 1,0 billion tons of iron ore has been extracted in 2000 in the world. For this reason about 40...60 billion tons of mining rock is deposed to waste banks on the surface of the Earth. This means that from 200 to 1 000 km2 of the surface lands are withdrawn and transformed to badlands. This is the result of technogenesis. Therefore investigation of the criteria of technogenesis becomes topical. Some approaches to the criteria of technogenesis of geological environment, such as basic equation of the technogenesis, integral state estimate, differential state estimates in landscape, hydrosphere, atmosphere, geological environment have been made here. We suggested considering mineral deposits as natural anomaly. It has material and energy changing with geological environment. Natural anomaly is an open system in tranquility. Man-caused flows of energy, materials and information are directed to mineral deposits in the process of mining. The result is a flow of mineral raw materials from mineral deposit to grass. The result of mining is disequilibrium into the system of "natural anomaly - geological environment". The theory of open nonlinear systems developed by E. Prigozhyn describes such phenomena. It is well known that thermodynamically the function of entropy is a criterion of disequilibrium in this theory. We suggested the entropy of mineral deposit as a criterion of technogenesis in geological environment. This criterion has the following structure: deS ( (dtS1 + dtS2) < 0, deS - natural flow of entropy. It is characteristic for the natural exchange between mineral deposits and environment; dtS1 - man-caused flows of energy. It determines materials and information required for the first two flows; dtS2 - flow of mineral raw materials from mineral deposit to grass and flow of waste. It is possible to make a complex assessment of technogenesis in geological environment using the criterion of entropy.

Protected Objects of Nature

Summary: The main tendency of development in the field of nature protection nowadays is achievement of maximum representativeness of biological and landscape diversity within specially protected natural territories. In this connection the main purposes of this article is analysis of representativeness of existing specially protected natural territories of Belarusian Poozerie and discovery of natural objects that are not presented for the optimization of nature protective system of the region with further integration into the Pan-European ecological network. Cartographic materials (topographic map of the region, landscape and geomorphological map, map of vegetation, map of soil cover structure of Belarus) along with Red Book data were used at the representativeness analysis. The analysis has been organized on the basis of existing spatial elements of natural reserve foundation (national parks, landscape, biological, and hydrological reserves). The method of the construction of matrix models of geographic diversity proposed for the regional level has been used in the investigation process. Thus, the main parameter of the representativeness of specially protected natural territories network is presentation of biological and landscape diversity of the region. As a result of associative analysis of the map of specially protected natural territories of Belarusian Poozerie and vegetation map of the region, the following conclusions have been made. The lack of the representativeness of specially protected natural territories network is observed on the ecosystem level, numerous valuable natural complexes were not taken under protection, especially grassland and floodplain ecosystems. Hilly morainous lacustrine and morainous lacustrine landscapes that defined the image of Belarusian Poozerie are not enough represented on the landscape level. Natural complexes with loess-like subclay cover are absent. Non-dismembered complexes of river values practically were not presented. Thus, the existing network of specially protected natural territories is not enough representative to the region for all taxonomic levels and needs optimization.

Scientific Communications

T. Naumenko, S. Sokolov, T. Gritsenko, S. Andrianova, V. Kurlovich, A. Pshegroda, N. Usik
METHODICAL APPROACHES TO DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL-HYGIENIC CRITERIA OF PRIORITY NORMALIZATION OF AIR POLLUTANTS. pp. 71-72

Summary: The comparative analysis of all stages of air quality standards normalization was conducted. The criterion, hygienic rules and instruction for toxicants and carcinogenics have been developed.

P. A. Chebotarev, N. I. Aprasyuhina, V. V. Jaskevitch, L. I. Kozlova, T. V. Parchinskaya, S. P. Chebotarev
STRATEGY OF HYGIENIC ESTIMATION OF AIR CONTAMINATION BY OIL GENESIS HYDROCARBONS. pp. 72-74

Summary: Four indicated carbohydrates content control permits to calculate concentrations of all carbohydrates in the atmospheric air by special formulas.

V. V. Shevlyakov
CLASSIFICATION OF ALLERGIC HUMAN-DANGEROUS INDUSTRIAL SUBSTANCES AND MAIN MEASURES OF PROPHYLACTICS. pp. 74-75

Summary: Criteria of classification evaluation of the level of allergic activity and danger of substances, list of regulated substances-allergens and the main regulations of safety of its production and use have been developed.

S. V. Fedorovich, N. L. Arsentieva, L. F. Yakovleva, A. A. Maximenko, T. M. Kazakova, I. L. Doilido, I. V. Kisten
ECOLOGICALLY CAUSED ALLERGY PATHOLOGY. pp. 75-77

Summary: On the basis of exogenic allergen study preventive measures and methods of allergy pathology treatment have been developed. It has been established, that in nosological structure of allergic diseases prevail nettle-rash, bronchial asthma and pollinosis. The criteria of estimation and forecasting of early displays of ecologically caused allergic diseases are suggested.

S. S. Hoodnitsky, I. V. Arbuzov
INFLUENCE OF LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD ON THE POPULATION IN REAL CONDITIONS OF RESIDING. pp. 77-79

Summary: Physiological and hygienic aspects of low-frequency electromagnetic field impact on man have been investigated. Adverse effects of long electromagnetic field influence on the central nervous and cardiovascular systems of a man are considered.

N. F. Farino, T. N. Grushkovskaya, E. L. Dunets
COMPLEX ESTIMATION OF HEALTH STATUS OF SCHOOLCHILDREN LIVING IN MINSK. pp. 79-81

Summary: General morbidity in the ecologically safe area of the city is naturally higher than in the area with high atmosphere pollution. The paradoxical effect of reciprocal correlation between the level of the atmosphere pollution and the morbidity of endocrine system, eating disorders, infringements of metabolism and immunity and others was discovered. The highest morbidity level and significant growth of number of children who have frequent and long lasting illnesses was registered in the area with a high degree of ecological trouble.

V. F. Loginov, V. A. Prokopenya, V. S. Khomich
ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF ENVIRONMENT IN REPUBLIC OF BELARUS. pp. 81-82

Summary: This article gives an overview of the contents of Ecological Bulletin which characterises the state of the environment and nature resources use in Belarus in 2002.

M. M. Cherepansky, N. M. Tomina
ECOLOGICALLY SAFE ACCOMMODATION OF OBJECTS ON THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS. pp. 83-84

Summary: Methodical instructions are developed for acceptance of reasonable decision at a preproject stage about the possibility of economic objects dislocation with allowance for requirements in the field of environmental control. Instructions contain the basic legislative-normative requirements regarding protection of soil, water, air, woods, fauna, and also limitation on dislocation of objects with allowance for their potential influence on the state of the environment components. The instructions contain the requirements of the state ecological assessment of the documents presenting ecological justification of objects dislocation. Methodical instructions are intended for rendering methodical help to regional branches of the Ministry of Nature resources of the Republic of Belarus.

B. P. Vlasov, G. S. Gigevich, E. V. Loginova
MODERN STATE AND CONDITIONS OF CONSERVATION OF NATURAL COMPLEXES OF STATE PROTECTED. pp. 84-86

Summary: Estimation of the current state of protected areas and inventory of rare and protected species of flora and fauna have been made. Practicability of natural protected areas has been justified. Their borders and owners of lands have been specified and soil maps of the protected areas have been made. A set of documents for transformation and creation of state protected areas has been developed.

A. V. Кozulin, N. V. Shevtsov, B. P. Vlasov, G. V. Dudко, V. К. Rizevsky
WETLAND INVENTORY PROBLEMS IN BELARUS. pp. 86-88

Summary: Estimation of the present state registration, storage and use of the data on Belarussian wetland condition has been made. The basic problems and limitations are indicated. It is noted that the priority task of the national inventory of wetland should be the inventory of wetlands which preserved their natural state.

A. Kozulin, G. Dudko, V. Rakovich, B. Rizevsky
ANALYSIS OF MODERN STATE OF NATURAL BOGS IN BELARUS. pp. 88-90

Summary: The estimate of modern state and distribution of mire areas by river catchment is given. The data on their area change from 1960 to 2002 have been received. The need of national complex ecological inventory of peat lands in natural condition with performance and creation of passports for each object is proved.

N. N. Bambalov, I. G. Tanovitski, N. I. Tanovitskaya, N. V. Molokova
REHABILITATION OF LAKE MIRE COMPLEX "OSVEYSKI". pp. 90-92

Summary: The problems of impact of peat land anthropogenic transformation on ecological condition of lake-mire complex (LMC) "Osveyski" are discussed. An option of restoration of peat land natural biospheric functions and hydrological regime of LMC is suggested by using measures of ecological rehabilitation.

V. V. Grimashevich, I. V. Makhovik, E. M. Shapel
RESOURCES OF MAIN WILD BERRIES AND EDIBLE FUNGI IN MOGILEV REGION. pp. 92-94

Summary: The authors have studied the biological stock and permissible volumes of harvesting of main wild berries and edible fungi in Mogilev region. A forecast of the dynamics of their resources was made up to 2015.

V. V. Grimashevich, I. V. Makhovik, E. M. Shapel
PECULIARITIES OF FRUITAGE OF BERRY PLANTS AND EDIBLE FUNGI IN WOODLANDS OF MOGILEV REGION IN 2001-2002. pp. 94-95

Summary: The authors analyze peculiarities of fruitage of berry plants and edible fungi determined by 2001 and 2002 seasonal weather conditions and global climatic changes.

A. I. Kotelenets, I. S. Poznyak, N. I. Marusich, L. M. Kremko, E. I. Colomiets, G. A. Sokolov
THE INFLUENCE OF PRIORITY ECOTOXINS ON BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF PEAT SOIL. pp. 95-97

Summary: Stability, migratory, biochemical and microbiological parameters of cadmium, phenanthrene and fungicide Tilt (active substance propiconasol) have been carried out for hygienic normalization in peat soil.

A. V. Martynenko, N. M. Oparina, G. Ch. Dushkina
CLASSIFIER OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OBJECTS ACCORDING BY THE RATE OF THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT. pp. 97-99

Summary: The normative document has been developed, which determines the categories of potential environmental hazard for the objects of economic activity. The document is intended for taking measures of emergency prevention.

V. M. Belkov, Y. D. Migal, N. M. Oparina, G. Ch. Dushkina, V. V. Azemsha, V. Y. Turuto, N. N. Bambalov, O. G. Voronina, D. S. Golod, A. Z. Tyutyunov, S. A. Novik, M. Y. Nikiforov, Y. A. Vyazovich, V. M. Yatsukhno, S. I. Kuzmin
METHODIC RECOMMENDATIONS ON BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION OF AMELIORATION AND WATER SUPPLY OBJECTS. pp. 99-101

Summary: The recommendations were developed as a guide on protection of diodiversity when designing and reconstructing objects of amelioration and water supply.

M. A. Gatikh, S. I. Obraztsov, T. N. Sochneva
AUTOMATED SYSTEM OF COMPLEX ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS. pp. 101-102

Summary: The automated information system for the state ecological assessment of projects was developed for the agencies of the Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Natural Resources of Belarus on the basis of subject complex qualifier of problems and algorithmic schemes of their realization for each complex and making decisions. The software of the first stage of the system has been developed by now. It is intended for automation of such functions as: delivery of ecological conditions, check and analysis of the structure of the projects ecological passports, preparing intermediate and final conclusions on industrial enterprises and other objects, drawing up reports and creating corresponding databases.

K. M. Mukina, L. L. Gonchar, E. L. Gribko
METHODS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PAYMENTS FORMATION FOR NATURE RESOURCES USE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION. pp. 102-104

Summary: New approaches to formation of payments for nature resources use are described in connection with the rates of the state expenditures and economical damage caused to the environmental through economic activity.

B. P. Vlasov, N. G. Lebedev, V. P. Ikonnikov, L. M. Kuzey
INFORMATION-SOFTWARE PROVISION OF THE BELARUS LAKE PONDS MONITORING MANAGEMENT. pp. 104-106

Summary: The conceptual scheme of the information basis of the state estimation of lakes condition in Belarus has been developed. The structure, composition and form of presentation of the collected information have been determined and stored in the database of the information-analytical centre. Further generalization and systematization of the information and modification of the program modules of the system will enable to solve a number of problems related to monitoring, analysis, estimation and forecasting of Belarusian lakes condition.

I. V. Sobol, A. A. Sivakov, N. K. Pisarik, L. M. Rodina, A. V. Yakimova, O. V. Skolubovich
TECHNIQUE OF ACRYLONITRILE CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENT IN NATURE OBJECTS. pp. 106-107

Summary: Gas chromatography method of quantitative measurement of acrylonitrile concentration in soil, surface water and sewage is presented.

H. V. Vysochenko, G. A. Kapilevich, K. G. Lemeshko, N. V. Dudinskaya, L. A. Goncharova, L. F. Brakovich
FORMATION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES AND ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION EXCHANGE IN THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT MONITORING SYSTEM IN BELARUS. pp. 107-109

Summary: The information resources system NEMS represents a set of the documentary information in the form of databases and Databanks. The information interchange between IAC of some kinds of monitoring can be carried out both through MIAC NEMS as well as by horizontal communication between some IAC. For the information interaction between the subjects of NEMS, important organizational and systematizing role is played by the State register of NEMS observation items.

V. G. Kostousov, B. P. Vlasov, A. I. Klimanov, T. V. Arkhipenko
AUTOMATIC INFORMATION SEARCH SYSTEM PROVIDING RATIONAL PISCICULTURAL USE OF BELARUSIAN LAKES. pp. 109-111

Summary: Data Base Control System "Microsoft Access" has been developed for lakes stocktaking, hydrochemical and hydrobiological regimes description and piscicultural application. The system enables to store and process statistical data on fish industry. It enables to make graphic and cartographic maps and create reports.

A. D. Peshchenko N. G. Kholodok, V. G. Karpuk
TECHNOLOGY OF UTILIZATION OF WASTE GALVANIC SOLUTIONS AND SLUDGES OBTAINED IN THE PROCESS OF PRINTED CIRCUIT CARD PRODUCTION. pp. 112-113

Summary: Investigation results are given in the paper on the application of the substance obtained on the basis оf waste galvanic solutions and sludge intended for processing seeds, for instance flax and other species.

L. S. Yeshchenko, V. D. Kordikov, G. M. Zhuk
PRODUCTION OF PIGMENT-FILLERS ON THE BASIS OF GALVANIC SLURRIES. pp. 113-114

Summary: The structure and properties of iron and calcium containing galvanic slurries produced at the Belarusian metallurgy plant is investigated. The way of pigment-fillers production on the basis of iron containing slurries has been developed which has passed trial tests. The obtained pigment-fillers successfully have passed tests in the production of building materials.