The department carries out multifaceted scientific and organizational activities aimed at coordinating and solving actual fundamental and applied problems in the field of biological sciences..

The Department has the following main activities:

• comprehensive study of biological diversity, the development of scientific bases of reproduction, conservation and practical use of natural biological resources;
• state monitoring and inventory of flora and fauna;
• creation, operation and development of a system of specially protected natural areas and the national ecological network;
• reproduction of forests on a genetic and breeding basis, methods, means and technologies of forest growing, protection and preservation of forests;
• introduction and acclimatization of plants and animals, invasive and epizootic processes in natural and artificial ecosystems;
• restoration and management of damaged ecosystems;
• aerospace and geo-information methods and technologies for assessing the state of the natural environment;
• structural organization and functioning of plant, animal and microbial systems;
• biophysics, bioinformatics, regulation of cellular metabolism, molecular and cellular bioengineering, nanobiology, nanotoxicology and nanobiomaterials;
• stem cell biology, cell technologies for the treatment of human and animal diseases;
• structural, functional and evolutionary genomics, genetics of plants, animals, microorganisms and humans, the preservation of genetic resources;
• identification and mapping of genes, marking and certification of plants, animals and microorganisms using DNA technologies, marker-related and genomic selection of plants and animals;
• transgenesis, biosafety of transgenic organisms and their components;
• creating effective genomic biotechnologies for agriculture, health, sport and environmental protection;
• genetic and physiological-biochemical basis of microbial biotechnology;
• microbial technologies and preparations for industry, agriculture, forestry, medicine and environmental protection;
• biofuels.