Известия Нац. академии наук Беларуси. Сер. биол. наук, 2003, No.3
/ Издания академии / Научные журналы
Известия Нац. академии наук Беларуси. Сер. биол. наук, 2003, No.3
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Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси
СЕРИЯ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ НАУКИздатель: Издательский дом Беларуская навука, Минск, Республика Беларусь |
Номер 3, 2003
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
СТАТЬИ
Garanovich I. M., Rudevich M. N.
Assessment of the condition of green plantations in the town of Novopolotsk. pp. 5--9
Summary: The authors studied the condition of green plantations in various districts of Novopolotsk. They determined specific character of resistance with reference to species and territory. Types of damage were analyzed. An assortment of stable plantations was recommended.
Mlynarchik M. P.
Stellaria genus rare species in Belarusian flora. pp. 10--13
Summary: The author investigates how Stellaria L. (Stellaria longifolia and S. crassifolia) rare species are distributed in Belarus.
The paper shows the location map for these species and analyzes their confining properties with respect to ecology and plant community. It supports the necessity to confer 'Rare Species' status on Stellaria and to include the plant into the next edition of the Red Book of Belarus.
Demid T. A.
Quantitative characteristics of turgor-controlling water phase of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba) seedling assimilative tissue. pp. 14--18
Summary: The paper provides the quantitative characteristics of a water phase of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba) seedling assimilative tissue. This water phase controls the turgor pressure of the tissue cells. It is established that maximal turgor humidity of the assimilative tissue of cabbage is 9% more than that of potato, barley and buckwheat respectively. When cabbage was contrasted with other plants, its volume of water which controls turgor changes was 65% more than that of these plants. In analogous comparison, its water volume which was uncombined with turgor changes was almost 2.5-3-fold less than the water volume of other plants. The drop of the soil moisture potential to -0.5 atm resulted in the increase of the humidity of the cabbage leaf assimilative tissue: in comparison with control the humidity at maximal turgor increased by 8% of leaf volume. That was caused by the increase of water volume which determined turgor changes. In this case, the volume of water which was uncombined with turgor changes remained unaltered.
Goncharik N. N., Volynets A. P.
Peroxidase activity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) generative bodies under direct and indirect effect of steroid glycosides. pp. 19--21
Summary: The paper provides the data on peroxidase activity in wheat generative bodies when plants are processed with steroid glycosides.
Steroid glycosides affect peroxidase activity both directly and indirectly. They considerably raise this activity during the initial period of seed development.
Goncharenko G. G.
Genetic taxonomy of abies-obovata spruce species complex and evolutionary-genetic background of European and Siberian spruce forests. pp. 22--31
Summary: With the help of gel electrophoresis method the author analyzes 29 natural populations of closely related forms of spruce species of abies-obovata complex. These spruce species grow in Eastern Europe and Siberia. The study reveals 103 allelic variants at 25 loci. Nei's distance coefficient (Dn) is used to estimate the level of genetic differentiation among various related forms of the abies-obovata spruce species complex. It is demonstrated that on the territory occupied by the
abies-obovata spruce species complex there are only two distinct taxa, P. abies and P. obovata. P. abies, or 'pure' Norway spruce, populates the regions of Baltic countries, Belarus and the Carpathians, while P. obovata, or 'pure' Siberian spruce, populates the vast regions of Central Siberia. Hybrid spruce, P. xfennica, can not be viewed as an independent taxon; it is similar in the gene pool to P. abies and sharply contrasts with P. obovata. The obtained genetic data unambiguously indicate that the geographic range of P. abies is not confined to the Fore-Urals; it also grows throughout the Transurals. As a result, the western border of Siberian spruce geographic range should be moved much more in an eastward direction than the present border of its distribution. The paper demonstrates certain correspondence between spruce taxa divergence period measured according to Nei's scale (1975) on the one hand and paleontologic and palynological data on the other hand.
Bosak V. N.
Growth peculiarities of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium covilleanum Butkus et Pliszka) introduced into the central part of Belarus. pp. 32--37
Summary: This paper concentrates on the growth peculiarities of two kinds of various-age highbush blueberry (Vaccinium covilleanum Butkus et Pliszka) -- Bluecrop and Coville, which were introduced into southern Belarus. The rates of linear growth of shoots are governed by light time of day, and to a lesser degree these rates are affected by weather conditions of the vegetation period. The research reveals two types of shoot formation which differ in the character of seasonal development: the one without a secondary gain and the other which forms it. The formation of general habitus of plants on peat substrate occurs at an earlier age in comparison with sandy substrate. The author detects the distinctive features of vegetable organ formation on various types of soils.
Shakhbazov A. V., Brichkova G. G., Panyush A. S., Maneshina T. V., Zabenkova K. I., Kartel N. A.
Agrobacterial transformation of Solanaceae plants with the use of biolistic bombardment. pp. 38--41
Summary: Agrobacterial transformation is a handy and reliable method which works well with numerous cultures. Sometimes, however, it requires an individual approach depending on plant species and a construct to be inserted. This kind of approach implies the utilization of all possible ways to increase transformation efficiency. The use of biolistic wounding, light regimen optimization and cold shock allowed us to improve transformation and to create large-scale collections of transgenic potato and tobacco. These collections comprise a perspective material for transposon tagging and transgene action analysis.
Lemesh V. A., Khotyleva L. V.
Ontogenesis-related plant growth analysis and chloroplast photochemical activity of fiber flax cultivars (Linum usitatissimum L.) with contrasting productivity. pp. 42--46
Summary: Photosynthetic activity parameters of fiber flax cultivars contrasting in productivity were revealed to change during ontogenesis depending on genotypic features. Comparison between the cultivars according to net assimilation rate (NAR) and relative growth rate (RGR) values has shown that the high-productive Belinka cultivars was characterized by stability of these growth parameters as well as of specific leaf mass (SLM). The maximum chlorophyll content in the cultivars studied fell within the green ripeness phase. The difference between cultivars studied in dynamics of chloroplast photosynthetic activity during vegetation was shown, while a high level of chloroplast photosynthetic activity was revealed in cv. Belinka within the whole ontogenesis.
Kulminskaya I. V., Gordei I. A., Ukrainko A. P., Guzyuk L. I.
Production of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) trisomics based on cultivars and self-fertile lines. pp. 47--50
Summary: Winter rye trisomics were produced on the basis of 8 triploid forms. The trisomic yield relative to the number of the analysed seedlings varied from 12.5% to 55.6% in the combinations. The results of hybridization of winter rye triploid and diploid forms indicate the predominant functioning of gametes with the chromosome numbers (n, n + 1 and n + 2) in all the crossing combinations and signify the influence of genotype on triploid progeny being distributed to the chromosome composition.
Polonetskaya L. M., Sakovich V. I.
Estimation of genetic variability and the effect of intrapopulation selection of S1 families in fiber flax cultivars (Linum usitatissimum elongata). pp. 51--53
Summary: The authors studied the action and interaction of genes responsible for the height of fiber flax cultivars. The paper discusses the results of intrapopulation selection according to plant height among five fiber fiax cultivars which are characterized by different contribution of dominant and recessive genes to the manifestation of the selected character.
Ogurtsova S. E.
Mitomycin C induced dynamics of cytogenetic damages in mouse bone marrow cells. pp. 54--56
Summary: Analyzing the dynamics of cytogenetic damages in bone marrow cells of mice, C57BL/6J, it has been shown that
mitomycin С induction with в-naphtoflavone resulted in the change of metabolite profile and left metabolism rate unaltered.
Sycheva E. A., Dubovets N. I.
Tetraploid triticale as an object of cytogenetic studies. II. The study on the influence of wheat chromosome substitution on the expression of productivity features. pp. 57--59
Summary: The effect of chromosome substitution in A- and B-genomes of wheat on expression of some quantitative traits was studied using the collection of tetraploid triticale lines with single-variant karyotypes. The relationship between trait manifestation and the chromosome composition of certain homeologous groups was established.
Savina N. V.
Impact of yellow locus on maternal repair under chemical mutagenesis in Drosophila assays. pp. 60--63
Summary: The effect of maternal repair of primary DNA damages, induced by EMS in spermatozoids, was studied depending on the genotype of females involved in crosses. Mortality of the F1 offspring was analysed for the whole developmental period from egg to imago. This value was much higher in yellow females than wild type females. The theoretically expected SLRL frequencies in crosses of EMS-treated males with yellow females significantly exceeded the level of frequencies in crosses with wild type females. Thus, one may assume the influence of yellow locus on the activity of maternal repair of DNA damages responsible for both chromosome breaks and point mutations.
Kalitukho L. N., Pshibytko N. L., Zhavoronkova N. B., Makarov V. N., Kabashnikova L. F.
Effects of high temperature on the contents of free sugars and photosynthetic pigments in etiolated and greening barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L.). pp. 64--67
Summary: The action of a high temperature (40 °C, 3 h) on the content of free sugars and photosynthetic pigments was investigated. The heating stimulated a protochlorophyllide accumulation and did not affect free sugar content in etiolated seedlings. During greening (1 h) of heated plants a decrease of the level of photosynthetic pigments and essential growth of the amount of disaccharides was shown. A similar character of a change of free sugar content in a leaf and coleoptile was found during greening of etiolated plants, heating and at combination of heat and light factors.
Budakova E. A., Averina N. G.
The influence of 6-benzylaminopurine on 5-aminolevulinic acid biosynthesis ability in chlorella cells. pp. 68--71
Summary: The paper investigates the influence of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) on the following processes: cell division, accumulation of chlorophyll (Chi) and carotenoids, and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) biosynthesis ability in unicellular alga chlorella. The seven-day incubation of partially bleached chlorella cells on BAP solution results in the stimulation of cell division, accumulation of chlorophyll and carotenoids, (the accumulation is calculated at the rate of a cell), and inhibition of the ability to form ALA. The paper reveals the stimulation of ALA biosynthesis, (the stimulation is calculated at the rate of a cell), in partially bleached cells after one day of the incubation with BAP.
Moroz I. V., Pavlovskaya Zh. I., Mikhailova R. V., Eremin A. N.
Purification of exocellular catalase of Penicillium piceum F-648 and enzyme characterization. pp. 72--79
Summary: Four fractions (fr.) of extracellular catalase, which had high 6-helix content, were isolated from the cultural liquid of Penicillium piceum F-648 and then purified with the help of the ultrafiltration membranes which featured 0.2мт diameter pores and detention limits of 300, 50 and 20kDa respectively. When the catalase concentration in a reaction medium was less than 1nM, all the enzyme samples except fr.3 decomposed H2O2 at the approximately the same rate. When the catalase concentration was more than 1nM, the largest catalytic activity was displayed by the fr.2 obtained on the membrane with the detention limit of 50 kDa. Kinetic parameters of extracellular catalase depended on its concentration in a reaction medium. In strongly diluted solutions the catlase was characterised by the largest values of the effective catalytic constant and the constant which shows the interaction of Complex I with Н2O2 second molecule. Under these conditions the extracellular catalase P. piceum F-648 displayed low operational stability, that increased significantly with the rise of the catalase concentration in a medium. The optimum enzyme concentration in solution was equal to 1.5--2.0 nM.
Mazhul L. M., Shafranovskaya E. V., Klimko N. K., Gatsko G. G., Bagel I. M.
The influence of subdiabetogenic alloxsan doses on biochemical characteristics of rodent blood. pp. 80--83
Summary: The experiments upon male rats aged 5--6 months show that subdiabetogenic doses of alloxsan (80 and 100 mg/kg of body weight) followed by single 1 Gy g-irradiation do not lead to the development of experimental diabetes within 180--day observation period. Nevertheless, the changes which decrease adaptation abilities develop in animal organisms.
Sidorovich V. E., Solovei I. A., Pikulik M. M., Lauzhel G. O.
Landscape-biotopic distinctions of habitat-carrying capacity of small mammals and predators (their consumers) at transzonal forest complexes. pp. 84--98
Summary: The authors studied the forest community of small mammals and their consumer guild that inhabited the Poozerre region situated to the north of Belarus. The pronounced landscape and habitat-related differences in the community structure were revealed. The soil types that had been raised on either sandy or clay deposits of the last glaciation made an impact on the feeding conditions for small mammals. That determined the habitat-carrying capacity for small mammals and, in turn, for micromammalian consumers. Much higher density of prey and predators was revealed in the 'clay' landscape compared to the 'sandy' landscape. This paper elucidated the governing laws that characterized the community structure stability with reference to landscape heterogeneity, seasonality, and year-to year variations.
Anisimova E. I.
The formation of helminthocenoses of water vole (Arvicola terrestris) under the naturalization process of Mustela vision. pp. 99--102
Summary: The author analyzes the structure of helminth populations of water vole in Belarus. The author reveals the differences in the helminthocenoses of Arvicola terrestris in connection with the naturalization process of Mustela vision. The 16 species of helminths are identified among Arvicola terrestris in various regions of Belarus. The paper investigates the helminth population structure as regards to water vole as well as the peculiarity of its forming with reference to Mustela vision.
Bychkova E. I.
The mechanisms of dynamics of communities' structure among murine rodents and their helminths under the influence of anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems. pp. 103--108
Summary: The paper deals with the influence of anthropogenic impact on the change of communities' structure among murine rodents and helminths. It shows the changes in the community core and in a group of secondary species of hosts and parasites. Nematodes prevail within the helminth community under these ecological conditions.
Mongin E. A.
Limicole community structure peculiarities connected with vegetation succession. pp. 109--112
Summary: Using five biodiversity indexes (Berger-Parker, alpha, Simpson, Shannon, and Shannon evenness) the author analysed the structure of wader communities in 28 samples of five types of habitats: open fens, transitional mires, bogs, hay peaty floodplain meadows (oxylomesophytica-turfosa) and grazed floodplain meadows (euhydromesophytica). In order to investigate the differences between the habitats, ANOVA and LSD test were used. Significant differences were found between the tested habitats. The author connects these differences with vegetation succession. The highest levels of diversity and evenness were found in bogs while the least levels were discovered in fens and transitional mires.
КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ
Vlasova N. N., Laman N. A., Stratilatova E. V.
The influence of epibrassinolide and kinetin on the duration and rate of grain ripening of spring barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.). pp. 113--116
Summary: The authors studied the effects of epibrassinolide and kinetin on grain ripening of spring barley cultivars. The application of epibrassinolide for shortening the ripening period and increasing the ripening rate was found to be promising.
Aleksandrovich O. P., Zelener N. P., Prishchepchik O. V.
Dynamic of flying and population structure of ground beetle, Harpalus rufipes (Degeer, 1774). pp. 117--119
Summary: Migrating beetles, Harpalus rufipes (Degeer, 1774) (Coleoptera, Carabidae) were caught with the help of UV-traps. Beetles were captured in the Pukhovichi district of the Minsk region in May-October 1997. It was noticed that synchronous flight peak occurred during the warmest nights (from the end of July to the beginning of August). The overwhelming predominance of young beetles, (92% of females, and 99% of males), was marked. Among young beetles, there were almost two-fold more females than males. Ovaries of young females were insufficiently developed. The majority of eggs were not formed. Testiculi of young males were well developed. Both males and females had insufficient degree of corpus adiposum developing. After analyzing population features and summarizing life circles of Harpalus rufipes the authors suppose the existence of two phenological population groups: one group -- with hibernating imagoes and the other -- with larvae.
УЧЕНЫЕ БЕЛАРУСИ
Сущеня Л.М., Волотовский И.Д., Хотылева Л.В. и др.
Петр Фомич Рокицкий (К 100-летию со дня рождения). C. 120--122
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/ Издания академии / Научные журналы / К началу страницы
Разработана и поддерживается Николаем Н. Костюковичем. Последнее обновление: 11 ноября 2006 г.
Создана при участии Игнатия И. Корсака
Копирайт © 2003-2006 Национальная академия наук Беларуси
Копирайт © 2003 Издательство "Беларуская навука"
