Известия Нац. академии наук Беларуси. Сер. биол. наук, 2004, No.1

Известия Нац. академии наук Беларуси. Сер. биол. наук, 2004, No.1

Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси
СЕРИЯ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ НАУК
Издатель: Издательский дом Беларуская навука, Минск, Республика Беларусь

Номер 1, 2004

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

СТАТЬИ

Rupasova J. A., Ignatenko V. A., Vasilevskaya T. I., Kuzmenkova S. M.
Accumulation of phenol compounds in the above-ground parts of Mellitis sarmatica Klock. pp. 5--8

Summary: The paper defines how biologically active phenol compounds accumulate in separate plant parts (mainly in the above-ground parts of the plant) of MELITTIS SARMATICA KLOCK which is a rare perennial spice-aromatic herbaceous plant. The paper reveals the basic tendencies in seasonal dynamics of these compounds. Both accumulation parameters and the basic tendencies are analysed with reference to the conditions relevant to Belarus.

Sergeichik S. A., Sergeichik A. A., Borsuk E. A.
Effect of environmental pollutants on the chloroplast pigments of different Rhododendron L. species. pp. 9--16

Summary: Experimenting with the leaves of 6 Rhododendron L. species the authors studied the changes in the concentration of chlorophyll (a, b) and carotinoids as well as photosynthetic pigment ratio under the effect of environmental pollutants. It was established that various plant species responded to pollutants in a different way. Plant species that demonstrated high level of tolerance to chemical pollutants (H₂SO₄, HNO₃, NH₄OH, formaldehyde) were the most promising for the environment optimization by means of landscaping. These plants were as follows: Rhododendron ledebourii Pojark, Rhododendron maximum L. Such species as Rhododendron smimowii Trautv., Rhododendron hirsutum L. and Rhododendron fortunei Lindl. had low-level tolerance of their pigments to pollutants.

Telyuk N. A., Reutsky V. G.
Physiological role of assimilative tissue elasticity. pp. 17--24

Summary: Turgor of leaf is a parameter that reflects the degree of plant adaptability to environmental conditions. Anisotropic elastic properties were established for leaf tissues as well as for cells. The ability of a leaf to contract in longitudinal direction (along the thickness gradient) considerably exceeds the ability of a leaf to contract in horizontal direction (along the surface gradient). Assimilative tissue elasticity that determines cell's ability to contract and expand in horizontal direction and especially in direction perpendicular to vaporizing surface is an essential element of how a plant regulates water homeostasis in response to the changes in environmental conditions.

Kudryashova O. A., Volotovich A. A., Zubarev A. V.
The influence of homobrassinolid on the growth and development of Nicotiana tabacum L. callus culture. pp. 25--28

Summary: The influence of 28-homobrassinolid (HB) on callusogenesis of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun was investigated. HB was applied in three concentrations (1• 10^-7, 1 • 10^-8, 1 • 10^-9 M). The changes of fresh and dry weights of explants, as well as of their cell quantity, cell size and nuclear size were determined for the concentrations mentioned above. It was observed that HB in all above-mentioned concentrations influenced like an inhibitor on the callus formation process. Furthermore, the strengthening of inhibition by the HB was observed with the increase of the concentration in medium, so the highest level of growth inhibition was observed with HB concentration of 1 • 10^-7 M and the lowest -- with the concentration of 1 • 10^-9 M. The possible mechanisms of BRs action on growth, development and aging processes of tobacco callus were discussed.

Olshanikova A. L., Milkevich Zh. A., Verbitskaya N. A.
The evaluation of ion-exchange substratum with ammonium/nitrate nitrogen forms with respect to vegetable yield and quality. pp. 29--35

Summary: The authors investigate the influence of oxidized and reduced nitrogen forms contained in BIONA-211 ion-exchange substratum on the yield and quality characteristics of 4 plant species. It is shown that the productivity of the ion-exchange NH₄⁺ -containing substratum, (nitrogen in the form of NH₄⁺ is adsorbed by clinoptilolite), provides three efficient consecutive sessions of vegetation under small volume of root-inhabitance. The decrease in the ammonium nitrogen share in the substratum throughout subsequent sessions of vegetation results in the inhibiting and unbalance of plants' assimilative processes. When growing first-crop plants and applying a 0.37 g-equiv/kg dose for subsequent crops, the diminution in the volume of substratum with ammonium-nutrition form allows without considerable yield losses to raise the quality characteristics of plants due to the increase in the specific contents of ascorbic/nicotinic acids as well as to the two-fold diminishing of nitrate accumulation in the above-ground parts of the plants.

Martinovich B. S., Vlasov V. K., Sak M. M., Golushko R. M., Afmogenov A. M., Kirykhin O. V.
Comparative analysis of species-based specificity in ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs accumulation demonstrated by ligneous plant forest communities. pp. 36--41

Summary: The authors provided field-proven study of Sr-90 and Cs-137 absorption activity demonstrated by Pinus silvestris L., Piceae abies (L.) Roth., Quercus rubra L., Acer platanoides L., Betula pendula Roth., Tilia cordata Mill, under identical habitat conditions. The above plants were examined after 5-year growth period on radionuclide-contaminated soil. To a great extent, such parameters as radionuclide accumulation in experimental plants and accumulation activity were determined by the plants' bio-ecological properties. Differences relevant to these parameters could reach 15-fold value.

Lovchy N. F., Golod D. S. †, Gutsevich V. D., Bcrnyakovich I. V.
Analysis of ecological determination of pine forest growth and productivity on peat soils in Belarus. pp. 42--47

Summary: The authors discuss the results of investigation which centre on the connection between growth/productivity of pine forests on peat soils on the one hand and the complex of ecological factors on the other. Methods of multiple-factor correlative and regressive analyses are used. The analysis results are presented in the form of a linear model.

Yukhnevich G. G., Kremlev E. P., Skorobogatova R. A., Kurakov A. V.
Development of soil micromycete Mortierella ramanniana and Penicillium funiculosum populations under different levels of compound microfertilizer placement. pp. 48--53

Summary: In model experiment the authors studied the influence of compound microfertilizers on the development of soil micromycete populations. The placement of microelements in small amounts into soil lead to the increase in the spore germination level and to the augmentation of the mycelium growth rate in Mortierella ramanniana and Penicillium fimiculosum populations. The microelements in high concentrations render differentiated impact on the micromycete development: on the one hand, spore germination level drops, the rate of linear mycelium growth diminishes, the 'hyphal growth unit' value goes up, spore formation starts earlier, reduced defective M. ramanniana sporangiums form. On the other hand, lag-phase shortens, spore germination level raises, the growth rate increases, spore formation starts earlier and P. funiculosum spore formation intensifies.

Zharina I. A., Deeva V. P.
The influence of plant regulators on the initial growth phases of long-fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum elongata L.). pp. 54--57

Summary: The article reflects the results of the research into the influence of plants' growth regulators upon germinating capacity and initial period of growth of long-fiber flax. Application of the regulators positively influences the growth rate of the sprouting flax and reduces negative effect of fungicide. Efficiency of the regulators depends on their chemical nature, dosage and flax variety.

Polonetskaya L. M., Khotyleva L. V., Davydenko O. G., Sakovich V. I., Trus N. K.
Genetic variability potential of oil flax varieties (Linum usitatissimum L.). pp. 58--63

Summary: The paper presents the data on the analysis of genetic variability in such traits as oil flax seed productivity and oil content (%) within the system of line x tester (F₁,F₂) crosses. It analyses the influence of GCA effects of crossing compounds on the formation of the traits which define seed productivity. Donor varieties are selected according to the number of bolls (Lirina, K-5594, SU-6-15, Raluca), the number of seeds (Lirina, Omega, SU-6-15, Gold Flax) and oil content (%) in seeds (Lirina, K-5627, Gold Flax).

Gordci S. I., Ponyatowskaja L. N., Gordei I. A.
Specificity of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS-Pampa) development in diploid winter rye (Secale cereale L.). pp. 64--66

Summary: Regularities and distinctive features of male sterility display in rye lines of West European origin under climatic conditions of Belarus were studied. Male sterile lines of rye were selected for the development of CMS-system (P-type).

Yermishina N. M.
The peculiarities of photosynthesis apparatus development of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties which differ in ecological stability. pp. 67--70

Summary: It has been shown that development of leaf surface and dynamics of specific leaf weight in ontogenesis of ten barley varieties in different environment were not associated with the rate of ecological stability of genotype. Ecologically stable varieties had higher chlorophill a / chloro-phill b ratios on VI--VII stages of morphogenesis than ecologically unstable genotypes.

Tikhanovich N. I., Kasinskaya S. I.
Investigation of Aspergillus carbonarius melanin protective effect against irradiation. pp. 71--75

Summary: Long-term irradiation of experimental Drosophila populations has resulted in the change in genotype frequencies for the alcohol dehydrogenase gene under investigation. Melanin influence upon the exposed populations has given rise to a protective effect, maintaining the genotype frequencies at the control level.

Melnikov S. S., Manankina E. E.
Cytokinin regulation of 5-aminolevulinatedehydratase activity in green algae Dunaliella salina Teod. pp. 76--79

Summary: The influence of kinetin and 6-benzyladenine on 5-aminolevulinate dehydratase activity in cells of Dunaliella salina has been investigated. These cytokinins in concentration of 5 mg/l significantly increased enzyme activity.

Vershilovskaya I. V., Yaronskaya E. B., Vezitsky A. Yu., Avcrina N. G.
Investigation of cytokinin influence on chlorophyll biosynthesis system. pp. 80--84

Summary: It was shown that the influence of artificial cytokinin kinetin on chlorophyll biosynthesis system was not only due to the increase in the rate of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis, but also to the adequate rise in activities and contents of the key enzymes of magnesium branch (Mg-chelatase and S-adenosyl-L-methionin: Mg-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase).

Safronava H. V., Sukhovitskaya L. A., Karalenak N. V., Taggil I. I.
Physiological-biochemical properties of parent and genetically marked strains of rhizosphere bacteria. pp. 85--89

Summary: It is shown that genetically marked strains of rhizosphere bacteria (R. leguminosarum bv. pisum 5114 (Rif ^r Str ^r), R. leguminosarum bv. vicia 2303 (Rif ^r Str ^r) R. trifolii 1222 (Rif ^r Str ^r), Kl. planticola 5 (Rif ^r Amp ^r), Streptococcus sp. 35 (Rif ^r Amp ^r) according to their physiological-biochemical characteristics correspond to the parent forms. For a mutant R. trifolii 1222 (Rif ^r Str ^r), the considerable decrease of symbiotic properties is detected.

Titovich O. I., Barai V. N., Zinchenko A. I.
Effect of growth conditions and medium components on the production of polynucleotide phosphorylase by the culture of Enterobacter amnigenus BUM B-245. pp. 90--94

Summary: The effect of nutrients and growth conditions on the production of polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) by the cultures of Enterobacter amnigenus BHM B-245 and Escherichia coli MRE-600 was studied. On the basis of the results obtained, Ent. amnigenus EMM B-245 was chosen as promising PNPase producer. The data showed that the optimal temperature for the culture growth (28--30 °C) did not coincide with that for the enzyme biosynthesis (8 °C). The maximum accumulation of PNPase occurred under 1% glucose concentration and 10^-4 M final concentration of Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, and Mn²⁺ salts in the cultural medium. The effect of aeration conditions on the PNPase productivity of Ent. amnigenus was found insignificant. In addition, the biosynthetic activity of Ent. amnigenus even slightly increased with the aeration decrease. Based on the results of the investigation an optimal medium and cultivation conditions were elaborated, and that allowed to raise the PNPase productivity of Ent. amnigenus seven-fold as compared to the initial level.

Nenasheva M. N., Timofeyev S. F.
Dynamics of ⁹⁰Sr and its analogs accumulation by the vegetative parts of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) during its ontogenesis. pp. 95--98

Summary: Field experiment demonstrated that the maximal content of ⁹⁰Sr was observed in assimilative leaves of cabbage while the minimal content of ⁹⁰Sr was traced in upper leaves. In conductive tissues ⁹⁰Sr concentration increased insignificantly during the growth season. For assimilative plant parts the discrimination coefficient of ⁹⁰Sr in relation to calcium was less than 1. The authors revealed the positive correlative dependence between the contents of calcium, magnesium, stable strontium and manganese in vegetative tissues on the one hand and accumulation of ⁹⁰Sr by these tissues on the other hand.

Shevtsova T. M.
Roach (Rutilus njtilus L.) population structure in the lakes of the Belarusian Lake District (Poozerre). pp. 99--101

Summary: In the article special attention is paid to the main population structure index -- the correlation between ages of ich-thyomass culmination and mass sex maturation.

Zhuk H. J., Efremova G. A.
About the Mallophaga fauna of dendrophilous bird complex in Belarus. pp. 102--104

Summary: The Mallophaga faunal list of 55 species of dendrophilous bird complex at the territory of Belarus is represented by 42 species. Mallophaga of the Ischnocera (30 species) suborder are dominant. Mallophaga of dendrophilous bird complex have high specificity in a choice of the host (90.5%).

Shamovich I. Yu.
Seasonal variations in pine marten (Martes martes) dietary structure in the conditions of homogenous forests of Central Belarus. pp. 105--112

Summary: The pine marten dietary structure in the conditions of coniferous forests of Central Belarus was studied. The well-pronounced seasonal variations in diet composition were revealed. The comparison was made between two methods of examining consumed biomass of various prey categories. The main habits of pine marten feeding strategy in Central Belarus were discussed.

Belyakova O. S.
The state of hunter's facilities existing in the Minsk region green zone and basic trends of their development. pp. 113--117

Summary: The Minsk region green zone features 24 hunter's facilities, which occupy the total area of 1062 thousand hectares. This area is subdivided in the following way: forests -- 417 thousand hectares; fields -- 564 thousand hectares; rivers, lakes, marshes, etc -- 27 thousand hectares. Apart from that, in accordance with the current legislation special territories where hunting is prohibited are separated around 9 cities. The total area of these territories is 197.5 thousand hectares. 1724 wild boars, 2224 roes, 539 deer and 784 elks inhabit the green zone territory. The total number of the ungulates at the green zone exceeds 5 200, with a redundancy rate of 265--465 species. This rate is not sufficient for hunting purposes. As a result, it is suggested to provide the opportunity of hunting small game such as common partridge, pheasant, woodcock, snipe, which might be viewed as less attractive kinds of game.

АННОТАЦИИ ДЕПОНИРОВАННЫХ СТАТЕЙ

Yermolayev V. V., Yermolayeva I. A.
Sex maturation, fecundity and spawning of European grayling Thymallus thymallus (L.) in the rivers of Belarus. p. 118

Yermolayev V. V.
Area and biotopical distribution, the number of European grayling Thymallus thymallus (L.) and its position in Belarusian river fish community. p. 118

ХРОНИКА

Parfenov V. I., Yakushev B. I.
Scientific and practical solution of the problems connected with radioactive contamination of coniferous forests. pp. 119--123.

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Разработана и поддерживается Николаем Н. Костюковичем. Последнее обновление: 11 ноября 2006 г.
Создана при участии Игнатия И. Корсака
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