Известия Нац. академии наук Беларуси. Сер. биол. наук, 1997, No.2
/ Издания академии / Научные журналы
Известия Нац. академии наук Беларуси. Сер. биол. наук, 1997, No.2
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Известия Академии наук Беларуси
СЕРИЯ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ НАУКИздатель: Издательский дом Беларуская навука, Минск, Республика Беларусь
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Номер 2, 1997
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
СТАТЬИ
Sidorovich E.A., Getko N.V., Lunina N.M., Kronivets V.S.
Diploid form of Echinacea puppurea (L.) Moench -- a new source of medicinal raw materials for home-produced immunostimulating preparations. pp. 5--7
Summary: The diploid form of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (2n=22) selected in the Central Botanical Gardenss of the Academy of Sciences of Belarus is proposed as a medicinal herb for home-produced immunostimulatory medicinal preparations. Ontogenesis and the active biochemical substance content by cultivating this plant in Belarus are described. The total oxy-cinnamic acid derivative content of the diploid form herb is shown to be almost twice as much in comparison with the introduced haploid form.
Lunina N.M., Pshenichnaya L.A.
Erica herbaceae cutting propagation under Belarus conditions. pp. 8--11
Summary: The conditions of cutting Erica herbaceae by using different growth stimulators and their mixtures by different methods of graft treatment were studied. Succinic, a-naphthaleneacetic and n-aminobenzoic acids were shown to increase rooting up to 70-100% and the layout height and depth of roots 1.5--2 times. A phenolic compound quercetin exhibits the highest root forming capacity gaining the root forming indices 2--4 times. One can draw a conclusion that it will be a good idea to carry out Erica herbaceae propagation by green grafting in June -- July by applying quercetin at 20 mg/l dose (water solution) or 40 mg/kg (powder).
Stepanovich I.M.
Xerothermic meadow communities in Belarus. pp. 12--20
Summary: The paper deals with xerothermic meadow communities in Belarus, their syntaxonomy and peculiarieties of their location. Koelerietum delavignei Stepanovic 1997 ass. nova association is given as a typical example, its expanded ecologofloristic characteristic being presented and location in an ecological vegetation spectrum being defined. Formation of the association communities is strictly related with steppization conditions of the extreme south-east of the country (valleys of the Dnieper, the Sozh and the Pripyat).
Domash V.I., Rogulchenko I.V., Zabreiko S.A., Volokhovich N.F., Sharpio T.P., Pelageichik T.Ya., Yermolitskaya L.V.
Isolation and properties of endopeptidase from seeds and leaves of yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.). pp. 21--24
Summary: Enzyme splitting synthetic Na -benzoyl-DL-arginine-n-nitroanilide (BAPAase) has been isolated by means of gel and ion-exchange chromatography from seeds and leaves of yellow lupine. Enzyme molecular mass, Michaelis constant, optimum pH action, etc. have been determined. Enzyme was established to be attributed to serine type proteinases. It was shown to split a- and b-conglutin polypeptides, large and small subunits of RuBisCo.
Volynets A.P., Pshenichnaya L.A., Lupei A.Yu., Voluevich E.A., Sarkisova E.A., Morozik G.V.
The influence of alien cytoplasms on formation of phytoalexin-like compounds in common wheat seedlings inoculated with Septoria nodorum Berk. pp. 25--29
Summary: There have been investigated 15 phytoalexin-like phenolic compounds detected in wheat seedlings infected with Septoria nodorum. Significant influence of cytoplasmic genetic background on the composition and content of these substances have been shown. Alloplasmic lines with higher resistance to disease had wider range of these phenolics and were capable to accumulate them in greater quantities than more susceptible ones.
Lazarevich S.V.
Development of stem anatomic characters in induced haploids of wheat. pp. 30--35
Summary: Haploidy effect on the stem development in four wheat varieties and their haploid analogues obtained by the method of in vitro anther culture has been studied. Alongside with size decrease in the anatomical structures change in their aspect was observed: stem plumpness, the number of conducting bundles, ratio between vascular sizes of metaxylem and protoxylem, peculiarieties of the peripheral ring development of sclerenchyma. Specific response of the samples to haploidy as well as reduction in interspecific differences in haploids as compared to the original parental forms have been revealed.
Tarutina L.A., Mishin L.A., Kapusta I.B., Poskannaya S.I.
Inheritance of quantitative traits in hothouse tomato in topcrosses. pp. 36--41
Summary: The analysis of the gene action in hothouse tomato in the "line x tester" crossing system has indicated the role of particular gene interactions and the influence of environmental conditions on the genetic control system during the development of production- and early ripeness traits.
Silevko Ya.V.
Main results of breeding for chorifruitedness and absence of blossoming ability in O-type lines and MC analogues of sugar beet. pp. 42--46
Summary: The paper presents major breeding methods used during development of O-type lines, from self-incompatible initial material, stable in chorifruitedness and resistant to blossoming ability. The results of estimating chorifruitedness in sib-line OT 441, its MC analogue and simple MC hybrid, as well as of selection for the absence of blossoming ability against the provocative background are given.
Fradkin L.I., Domanskaya I.N.
Energy transfer from protochlorophyllide to fresh- formed chlorophyll molecules in greening barley leaves. pp. 47--52
Summary: Energy transfer (ET) from protochlorophyllide to chlorophyll (Chl) was studied in the greening plants differing in the protochlorophyllide or Chl content and in a position of a short-wave Chl absorption band. It was shown that ET yield was not determined by the protochlorophyllide or Chl content. ET was observed in the leaves with the short-wave Chl absorption band at 670-671 nm. ET was not detected in the leaves with the short-wave Chl absorption band at 672 nm. These results suggest that the spatial arrangement of molecules of two pigments determines ET efficiency and the energy acceptor is the fresh-formed Chl in the short-wave form with the absorption band at 670-671 nm.
Mikhailova S.A., Klimovich A.S., Kabashnikova L.F., Zenevich L.A., Ling S.S., Chaika M.T.
The influence of barley seed pretreatment with succinic acid on plant growth and productivity. pp. 53--56
Summary: The efficiency of succinic acid as a growth-stimulating agent during plant ontogenesis has been studied. The carried out investigations permit succinic acid to be included in multicomponent mixtures for seed pretreatment and their using in ecologically pure cultivation technologies of cereals.
Yurin V.M., Oniani D.A., Kudryashov A.P., Sokolik A.I., Chokhonelidze M.O., Demidchik V.V.
Mechanism of membranotropic effect of heavy metal ions on plant cells. pp. 57--60
Summary: The paper describes regularities of interaction between heavy metal ions and plasmalemma from the measurement data of bioelectric response of cell and cyclosis rate. Pb2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ ions at 10-6--10-3 M concentrations were shown to induce direct membranotropic effect. Copper at the concentration above 10-5M in short-term (10--15 min) and long-term (over 20 min) experiments exerts mediated membranotropic effect. In this connection the scheme for classifying chemical agents by the elements of manifestation mechanism of membranotropic effects with due regard of membrane ionic permeability shifts was proposed.
Barai V.N., Kukharskaya T.A., Yeroshevskaya L.A., Zinchenko A.I.
Chemoenzymic hydrolysis of RNA to nucleosides by using mycelium of Specaria violacea. pp. 61--65
Summary: The paper describes a procedure of RNA hydrolysis to the ribonucleoside mixture. The method suggested by the authors is based on the RNA cleavage by consequtive action of Ca2+ ions and intact mycelium of Spicaria violacea exhibiting phosphatase activity. The conditions optimized make it possible to eliminate interference cytidine deaminase activity of fungus mycelium and increase the RNA content in the starting reaction mixture up to 150 mg/ml.
Sechko L.K., Konoplya E.F.
Estrogen-receptor interaction in hormonesensitive organs in female rats after 131I and 137Cs administration. pp. 66--70
Summary: The cytoplasmic reception of estradiol was studied in uterus and liver of female rats after the internal irradiation caused by the incorporation of 131I and 137Cs. It was found that the 131I (2.5 MBq/kg) and 137Cs (1.6 and 0.4 MBq/kg) incorporation both separately and combination inhibits the estrogen-receptor apparatus function in experimental animals, what leads to the decrease of estradiol receptors number. This process is of different for 131I and 137Cs directions and depends on the hormone-sensitivity of organ and the dosage and terms after the irradiation.
Gatsko G.G., Dorokhina R.I., Brilevskaya S.I.
Structural and functional changes in rat pancreas by irradiation and streptozotocin administration. pp. 71--75
Summary: The structural and functional changes in b-cells of rat pancreas were studied one month after g-irradiation with 1 Gy dose and after administering a subdiabetogenic dose of b-cytotoxic preparation of streptozotocin to irradiated animals The most pronounced changes in the structure and function of the pancreas insular apparatus were revealed to be observed after streptozotocin administration to irradiated animals.
Chaplinskaya E.V., Buravsky V.A. †, Kalyunov V.N.
The effect of X-irradiation and lead on the level of nerve growth factor in mice tissues. pp. 76--79
Summary: Tissue levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) in mice were studied using ELISA technique to evaluate effects of lead and ionizing radiation. Over a two-fold decrease in the submandibular salivary gland and a 23% elevation in the heart muscle were found after treatment with a high dose of lead (50 mg/kg of lead, as lead acetate, daily, five intraperitoneal injections). Although neither lead in low dose (5 mg/kg) nor whole-body irradiation with gamma rays (0.05 Gy daily, total exposure dose -- 0.25 Gy) induced any significant change, 23% decline of NGF level was found in the spleen after their combined action. The lead-induced change in NGF content in brain tissue, though nonsignificant statistically in part, seems to reflect events in local brain structures, e.g. forebrain basal nuclei, and needs further investigation. Thus, the results strongly indicate the involvement of neurotrophic factors in general response to heavy metals and ionizing radiation.
Kanunnikova N.P., Satanovskaya V.I.
Ethanol metabolism and GABA system activity in rats with different tolerance to alcohol after gamma-butyrolactone action. pp. 80--83
Summary: Activities of key parameters of ethanol metabolism, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (AIDH) in liver, and GABA system, uptake of GABA and GABA transaminase (GABA-T) in some brain structures, were studied in long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep (SS) rats. Similar values of the ADH and AIDH activities were found in the liver of the LS and SS animals, but they became different after the ethanol injection. GBL did not influence appreciably these enzymes. The presynaptic uptake of the labelled GABA was higher and the GABA-T activity was lower in the basal ganglia, hemispheres and brain stem of the SS rats as compared to the LS rats. These distinctions were reduced after either the ethanol or GBL injections.
Kochetkov R.Yu.
The influence of chemopreparations, most widely used in oncology, on cell culture of undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma. pp. 84--88
Summary: The effect of 8 chemopreparations, most widely used in oncology, on cell culture of undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma 8505C was studied. High sensitivity of the above culture to vincristine, methotrexate, adriamycin and daunoblastin, and much less sensitivity (100- and 1000-fold) to alexan, 5 -- to fluoracil, etoposide and cisplatin were revealed. Vincristine displayed the highest antitumorous activity concerning this culture and cisplatin -- the lowest one. Differences in the cytotoxic mechanism of the above-mentioned cytostatic agents effects were revealed. Alexan and etoposid inhibited DNA synthesis to a greater extent than cell viability. Morphological changes of cells were observed under the influence of all chemopreparations, however they were more expressed by incubation with vincristine. Pronounced reduction in viability and synthesis of DNA cells under vincristine and methotrexate effect was observed only at low concentrations of preparations. New details of these cytostatic agent effect on undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma were revealed.
Zinchuk V.V.
Factor analysis of indices for blood oxygen-carrying function and lipid peroxidation during nitric oxide synthase inhibition and fever in rabbits. pp. 89--93
Summary: Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase under pyrogenal fever simulation in rabbits causes reduction in fever effect accompanied by the shift of oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve (ODC) leftwards and less lipid peroxidation activity, whereas preliminary administration of excessive L-arginine was followed by the development of usual fever reaction with ODC shift rightwards and more pronounced activation of free radical processes. The data array obtained was evaluated by the method of main components of the factor analysis. The constructed model of the parameter group structure indicates inhibition of free radical lipid oxidation by ODC shift leftwards.
Kulesh V.F., Alekhnovich A.V.
The state of narrow-clawed crayfish Astacus leptodactylus Esch. population in the lake Oltusn (Brest Region). pp. 94--99
Summary: Distribution, size and sexual structure of a harvested fraction of a narrow-clawed crayfish Astacus leptodactylus Esch. population of the lake Oltush are given. Absolute fecundity of females at the length interval from 9.3 to 13.5 cm has been investigated. It made up from 108 to 520 eggs. The density of narrow-clawed crayfish has been determined to be equal to 0.3--0.8 individuals per m2 in recalculation to all the area of the lake.
Dorofeev S.A.
Picidae in Belarus Poozerie. pp. 100--104
Summary: An investigation of fauna and ecology of Piciformes was pursued in different types of forest plantations in the northern part of Belarus in 1983--1990. The paper deals with the recent data on the number, habitat and periods of reproduction of 8 species of Piciformes, such as white-basked, spotted, little, black, three-toed, grey, green woodpeckers and wryneck.
Gurin V.M.
Methodical approaches to definition of spatial characteristics of transition zones, as an example of Carabidae communities. pp. 105--107
Summary: The method for defining spatial characteristics of a transition zone between herpetobiont communities living in neighbouring biogeocenoses is suggested. The transition zone is defined by an area where species which dominate in neighbouring communities are in dominant group together.
Abzhamilov S.T.
Variability of morphometric structure in allied and distant populations of green toads (Bufo viridis-complex). pp. 108--110
Summary: The paper deals with morphometric specificity of different populations of Bufo viridis-comples from polytypic landscapes of southern Kirgizstan and Belarus. However, there are no regular differences between distant and allied populations in some characters.
Petrikov A.M., Petukhov V.B., Kokhnenko O.S., Voronovich A.I.
Degenerative alterations in perch oocytes under chronic ionizing radiation effect. pp. 111--115
Summary: The paper presents the results of histological analysis of perch oocytes under chronic radionuclide environment contamination after Chernobyl accident. The oocytes degenerative alterations (anomalous cell shape, nucleolus disappearance, partial cell envelope destruction) in the investigated fish from the water reservoirs under different radionuclide contamination level (Pripyat River, Smerzhov Lake) were identified. It was shown that the alterations are bound up with the radionuclide environment contamination level and radionuclide concentration in fish tissues and organs.
УЧЕНЫЕ БЕЛАРУСИ
Борисевич Н.А., Гурин В.Н., Солтанов В.В., Сурганова Л.А., Сущеня Л.М., Хотылева Л.В
Иван Андреевич Булыгин (К 90-летию со дня рождения). С. 116--119
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Антонов И.П., Бекиш О.-Я.Л., Вотяков В.И. и др.
Геннадий Ильич Лазюк (К 70-летию со дня рождения). C. 120--121
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/ Издания академии / Научные журналы / К началу страницы
Разработана и поддерживается Николаем Н. Костюковичем. Последнее обновление: 11 ноября 2006 г.
Создана при участии Игнатия И. Корсака
Копирайт © 1997-2006 Национальная академия наук Беларуси
Копирайт © 1997 Издательство "Беларуская навука"
