Изв. Нац. академии наук Беларуси, Сер. мед.-биол. наук, 2002, No.3
/ Издания академии / Научные журналы
Изв. Нац. академии наук Беларуси, Сер. мед.-биол. наук, 2002, No.3
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Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси
СЕРИЯ МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ НАУКИздатель Беларуская навука, Минск, Республика Беларусь |
Number 3, 2002
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
PHYSIOLOGY AND GENERAL PATHOLOGY
Osadchii O.E., Totskaya E.K., Pokrovsky V.M.
Interaction of regulatory peptides in modulatory influence on parasympathetic regulation of cardiac rate. pp. 5--11
Summary: In experiments on anesthetized cats, intravenously injected neurotensin accelerated baseline heart rate, evoked the increase of vagal chronotropic effect, and potentiated its inhibitory tonic component. These modulatory effects were enhanced when neurotensin was injected simultaneously with metenkephalin, but they were completely abolished when neurotensin acted together with somatostatin. Somatostatin and metenkephalin, being administered separately, decelerated baseline heart rate and evoked the increase of synchronising component of vagal chronotropic effect. However, this action was not observed when both peptides were injected simultaneously. Thus, when several regulatory peptides are co-released as a transmitter coctail", the effects of their interaction in the control of heart activity may result in enhancement or blockade of cardiotropic action inherent to one of them, or in mutual abolishment of cardiac effects inherent to pair of regulatory peptides with similar modulatory action.
Sidorov A.V., Gonrine V.N.
Temperature dependence of electrical activity of sensory neurons and motoneurons of defensive behaviour in mollusc Lymnaea Stagnalis. pp. 12--15
Summary: Effects of different temperatures on defensive circuit motoneurons (PeF- and Vf-clusteis) and sensory interneurons (RPD1 and LP1) in Lymnaea stagnalis were studied. Defensive responses of the mollusc were found to increase at lower (4--6 °C) and decrease at higher (24--26 °C, 34--36 °C) temperatures. The changes in the defensive behaviour are supposed to result from changes in the bioelectrical activity of the neurons studied.
Lobanok L.M., Bulanova K.Ya., Komar E.S.
Effects of low-intensity ionizing radiation on myocardium adenylate cyclase system: age peculiarities. pp. 16--21
Summary: After prolonged irradiation in dose 1.0 Gy (2.8 • 10-7 Gy/s), a steady decrease of myocardial adenylate cyclase basal activity was registered in young rats. Analogous changes in activity of enzymes in adult animals take place in later terms of post-radiation period. In young irradiated animals, changes in receptor link dominate, and in pubescent ones, they do in G-proteins adenylate cyclase.
Miroshnichenko I. V., Pyatin V. F., Kulchitsky V. A.
Role of pontine NO-ergic mechanisms in regulation of chemosensitivity of pontobulbospinal preparations of newborn rets in vitro. pp. 22--28
Summary: Role of pontine NO-ergic structures in generation of breathing rhythm and central chemosensitivity was studied in vitro on pontobulbospinal preparations of newborn rats (up to 3 days after birth). Cerebral section at the caudal pontine level was found to significantly increase the rate of generation of respiratory discharge in C3-C4 roots and to decrease their duration and power of mean-frequency oscillations (10--50 Hz) in their spectra. Under the simultaneous action of CO2 and NO on the pontobulbospinal preparation, the inhibitory effect of NO on the generation of breathing rhythm dominated over the excitatory effect of CO2. After removal of the pons, the inhibitory effect of NO was eliminated and the excitatory effect of CO2 on the respiratory activity of pontobulbospinal preparations was enhanced. So, NO in bulbospinal preparations potentiates the excitatory effect of CO2 on the breathing rhythm generation. Thus, the NO-ergic mechanism realized at pontine neuronal populations is involved in the modulation of responses of the respiratory centre in vitro to hypercapnic stimulus.
Sergeev V.A.
Effects of E. coli lipopolysaccharide on iliac and colonic smooth muscles before and after subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. pp. 29--32
Summary: In acute experiments on urethane-anesthetized rats, it was found that injection of 10 µg E.coli lipopolysaccharide into the ileac lumen led to an increase in the amplitude of potentials of colonic smooth muscles and, conversely, to a decrease in the electrical activity of ileac smooth muscles. Injection of 10 µg endotoxin into the ileum after subdiaphragmatic vagotomy was accompanied by a decrease in the amplitude of potentials of smooth muscles both of the colon and ileum.
Yelinevskaya S.A., Yelinevskaya G.F., Klyuchareva A.A.
Pathophysiological principles of intestinal dysbiosis in children and current approaches to its correction. pp. 33--40
Summary: Taking into account the literature data, current ideas of the causes and risk factors of development of dysbacteriosis and dysbiosis of the intenstine in children, clinical manifestations of dysbiosis, and methods of its correction and prevention are presented. The results of the clinical experience in treatment of intestinal dysbiosis in early age children are given.
Tsarev V.P.
Overweight and bronchial asthma. pp. 41--47
Summary: Overweight is noted to be a typical constitutional peculiarity in female patients. Shorter height and tendency of centralized fat localization are in male patients. The immunological status of overweight asthmatics was characterized by decreased spontaneous apoptosis of lymphocytes and activated humoral immunity resulted in increased number of B lymphocytes, immunologlobulins, and circulating immune complexes in peripheral blood.
Archakova L.I., Gourine V.N., Emelyanova A.A., Serdyuchenko N.S.
Effect of low-intensity laser therapy on regenerative processes in a knee joint hyaline cartilage in rabbits: experimental and morphological study. pp. 48--54
Summary: On a model of traumatic arthritis of the knee joint in rabbits, effect of red and infrared laser light on repair processes in the hyaline cartilage was studied. Red laser light applied to the injured joint cartilage is rather effective. It facilitates the growth and maturation of chondrocytes and intercellular matrix, due to which healing of the cartilage is stimulated. Combined red and then infrared light is most adequate for repair processes since this considerably increases the tissue proliferation, with some deceleration of the growth of young chondrocytes. Reversible changes in cartilage cells are occasional.
NEUROMORPHOLOGY AND NEUROCHEMISTRY
Tropnicova G.K.
Concentration of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in different brain parts after neurotoxic and electrolytic damage to rostral solitary tract nucleus. pp. 55--58
Summary: Experiments on adult male rats revealed differences in changes in the level of serotonin and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in some brain and spinal regions after unilateral neurotoxic (microinjection of 2 mkg/50 nl kainic acid) and electrolytic destruction of rostral solitary tract nucleus, which indicate a dependence of neuroplastic alterations in serotoninergic neurons on the technique of brain injuring.
BIOCHEMISTRY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Sutko I.P., Legonkova L.F., Melnichenko N.G., Sudnikovich E.Yu.
Effect of in vitro di- and trihydroxycholanic unconjugated bile acids on activity of enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism in rat liver. pp. 59--62
Summary: Effect in vitro of bile (cholic, urso-, cheno-, and deoxycholic) acids on content and activity of drugmetabolizing enzymes of liver was studied.
It was shown that chenodeoxycholic acid selectively decreased catalytic activity of UDP-glucuronosyl- and glutathione-S-transferases.
Among investigated dihydroxycholanic acids, ursodeoxycholic one had the least toxic effect on processes of biotransformation and conjugation of xenobiotics in microsomal fraction in rat liver.
Valyuk T.Ch., Velichko M.G.
Effect of combined application of L-glutamine and L-phenylalanine derivatives on activity of enzymes of glutamine metabolism in liver of rats with carcinosarcoma SM-1. pp. 63--65
Summary: Activity of glutamine synthetase, phosphate-dependent, and phosphate-independent glutaminase in liver of the rats with subcutaneous transplanted carcinosarcoma SM-1 under intragastric and intraperitoneal injection of a new antitumor preparation on the basis of L-glutamine and L-phenylalanine derivatives in dose of 125 mg/kg on the 7th day after transplantation was estimated. The normalization of the system of glutamine metabolism under the intragastric injection of the preparation was shown. The intraperitoneal injection of the antitumor preparation had effect through glutamine utilization.
Makarchikov A.F., Luchko T.A., Bettendorff L., Lakaye B., Wins P.
Study of role of ionogenic amino-acid residues in catalytic activity of thiamine triphosphatase from bovine kidney by means of chemical modification. pp. 66--70
Summary: PH-analysis of kkat and kkat/Km dependence showed the ionizable groups essential for bovine kidney ThTPase activity to possess pK 7.5 and 9.5 for free enzyme and pK 7.5 and 10.1 for enzyme-substrate complex. Chemical modification of ThTPase revealed the presence of essential lysine, arginine, cysteine, and histidine residues. The lysine residues may participate in substrate binding, cysteine is considered to take part in general base catalysis whereas arginine stabilizes the transition state. Histidine is not likely to be a constituent of ThTPase active site but has an important role for native conformation stabilization.
PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
Bankovsky A.A., Yelchaninova M.A., Gurinovich V.A.
Influence of chronic propanol inhalation on activity of enzymes of ethanol and acetaldehyde metabolism in rat liver. pp. 71--73
Summary: A possible involvement of aldehyde and alcoholdehydrogenase in rat liver microsomal fraction in oxidation of inhaled propanol was shown.
Propanol is favoured a decrease in the extent of intoxication of the alcohol and aldehyddehydrogenase activity. The mechanism of intoxication is discussed.
Dvoryaninovich L.N., Selevich M.I. †, Lelevich V V.
Possibilities of correction of metabolic shifts by mixture of aminoacid in rat lymphoid organs under chronic morphine injection. pp. 74--77
Summary: Alkaline phosphatase, alaninaminotransferase, and aspartataminotransferase activity in lymphoid organs under chronic morphine administration and its discontinuance as well as possibility of corrective influence of aminoacids mixture administration on revealed metabolic disturbances are studied.
Results show significant deviations of all studied indices under morphine administration. Aminoacid mixture administration normalized all revealed disturbances of the enzyme activity caused by the chronic morphine intoxication (morphine administration for 14 days).
Kotchetkov R.Yu., Krivchik A.A., Tsybulko N.P., Vismont F.I., Cinatl J.Jr.
Sensitivity of human thyroid cancer cell lines of different degree of differentiation to anticancer drugs. pp. 78--85
Summary: The activity of 11 antitumoral agents (inhibition of mitochondrial lactatdehydrogenase, DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis and expression of Fas and Bcl-2) against three human thyroid cancer cell lines of different degree of differentiation was investigated in this paper. Human non-malignant fibroblasts and retinal pigment epithelium cells were used as control.
The highest sensitivity to the majority of all drugs tested was found in anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line 8505C. It exceeded several times the sensitivity of poor-differentiated (BHT-101) and papillary (B-CPAP) thyroid cancer cell lines. All three cell lines were highly sensitive to MDL-101, 731 and resistant to alexan. B-CPAP cells expressed selective sensitivity to vincristine, while 8505-C and BHT-101 cells were resistant. The spectrum of thyroid cancer cell response to 11 common clinical anticancer drugs is summarized in the table.
VIROLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
Boreko E.I., Pavlova N.I., Savinova O.V., Nikolaeva S.N., Flekhter O.B., Pyzhova N.S., Nikandrov V.N.
Inhibition of virus reproduction and proteinase activity by lupane and some other terpenes. pp. 86--91
Summary: The antiviral properties of 52 lupane and some other terpenes were investigated in cell cultures infected with herpes simplex type I (HSV-1), influenza A/FPV/Rostock, and ECHO 6 viruses. It was found that the known (betulin, betulinic, and betulonic acids) and new triterpenes have antiviral activity against HSV-1. A number of new compounds had higher antiviral properties in HSV-1 experiments as compared with the known triterpenes. A combination of the substituents in positions 3 and 28 of lupane triterpene was important for the antiviral activity in this case. The 3-oxo derivatives with L-amino acids in position 28 were most active. Antiviral properties of new lupane triterpenes against influenza virus were established for the first time. Their activity mostly correlated with oxime or amide group in position 3 or 28. Among other compounds active against influenza virus, allobetulin is most remarkable. Betulinic acid has antiviral activity against ECHO 6 virus, and it is characterized by a relatively insignificant virus titer decrease in a wide concentration range. Inhibition of some serine, cysteine, and aspartic proteinases was observed in the presence of triterpenes studied.
Konoplya E.F., Milevich T.I., Gerasimenya V.P., Efremenkova O.V., Bogush T.A.
Antimicrobial and antitoxic action of Pleurotus Ostreatus (Fr.) Kumm. extracts. pp. 92--96
Summary: Fourteen strains of Pleurntus ostreatus (Fr.) Kumm. were investigated as possible producers of biologically active substances. All strains show antimicrobial activity during submerged cultivation in experiments with extracts; cultural liquids demonstrated only minimal activity, so these strains have a low levels of biosynthesis. During submerged cultivation, this strain produces at least two different antibiotics: one with high activity against Aspergillus niger INA 00760 and the other one with activity against grampositive as well as gramnegative bacteria; antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger INA 00760.
Investigation of mycelial extract as antitoxic drug was studied on mice of CBA. Toxical effect (decrease, of body weight and leukopenia) was in animals after cyclophosphamide (CP). According to our data Pleurotus ostreatus extracts shon decrease in CP hematotoxicity.
Tumar E.M., Kuzmitsky B.B., Mashkovich A.E., Mizulo N.A., Nasek V.M., But'ko L.V.
Antiulcerogenic activity of methyl ester of 7-oxo-7-[5'-(dimethoxycarbonylmethyl)-cyclopent-1-en-1-yl]-heptanoic acid estimated using different experimental models. pp. 97--101
Summary: A new 11-desoxyanalogue of PGE1 series, administrated per os at doses of 0.5--10 µg/kg 60 minutes before ulcerogen, decreased in dose-dependent manner the extent of indometacin -- or ethanol -- induced stomach mucosa (SM) erosive and ulcerous damage in rats of both sexes. It was releaved that ED (saturation dose), evaluated using these models, was 2.5 µg/kg. In case of tying-up the pylorus according to Shay method, the prostanoid (0.5-10 µg/kg per os 30 minutes before tying-up operation) decreased in dose-dependent manner SM damage in female rats (ED was 2.5 µg/kg). The saturation dose, evaluated in male rats, was five times less, but the amount of the protective effect did not surpass the level of 50% relatively to control animals.
When the experiments were carried out using male guinea pigs having stomach acetylsalicylic ulcers, the prostanoid (1--10 µg/kg per os 30 minutes before ulcerogen) resulted in SM protective effect of 60-- 65% irrespective of the doses used; ED value, estimated in female animals, was 2.5 µg/kg.
In case of SM damages induced by squeezing the duodenum, the prostanoid (1--5 µg/kg per os during the operation) supported sufficient protective effect in male guinea pigs when its dose was 2.5 µg/kg; the protective effect, displayed in female animals, was registred at a dose of 1 µg/kg.
It is obvious that prostanoids have protective effect on SM by means of specific and non-specific mechanisms which participate in the development of the modelled stomach ulcers in the laboratory animals.
Gromov I.N., Gromova L.N., Sobolev D.T.
Influence of sodium thiosulfate on immunomorphological processes in ducklings vaccinated against enterovirus hepatitis. pp. 102--107
Summary: Subject under investigation were 1--22 days old ducklings.
The influence of sodium thyosulfate upon immunomorphogenesis in ducks parenteral immunization with liquid virus vaccine against enterovirus hepatitis has been investigated.
The outcome of research has shown, that administration of this vaccine for parenteral immunization of ducks against virus hepatitis caused immunomorphological processes in thymus, bursa Fabricius, spleen, caecal tonsils, and blood. Giving this vaccine with sodium thyosulfate (7% water solution) increases the immunomorphogenesis in ducks, contribuses to development of higher active immunity against virus hepatitis.
MEDICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICAL GENETICS
Kraskovsky G.V., Pashatskaya T.V., Lipskaya M.V., Borkova E.A.
Study of intensity of antitumor antioncotolerance immunological reaction at abolition of oncotolerance of lymphoid cells of recipients. pp. 108--112
Summary: The regress and inhibition of tumor growth take place after inoculation of different genetic type tumors to recipients which were implanted by the spleen lymphoid cells of homologic or non-homologic mice tumor carriers (as a result of an abolition of oncotolerance and development of antioncotolerance antitumor reaction). Antitumor activity of tumor carrier spleen lymphoid cells (tumor regression) is more expressed in a non-homologic (genetically non-identical) tumor. Implantation of tumor carriers lymphoid cells, that are non-homologic to induced lung tumors, (in contrast to implantation of intact spleen lymphoid cells) in the latent period of cancerogenesis (in a week after urethane administration) results in expressed suppression of induced mice lung tumor growth (2 times less, by 52.3%).
Gaidukevich E.G., Krasnova I.A., Banetskaya N.V., Krylova I.I.
Cytogenetic disturbances in sexual cells of posterity that has been developed under external irradiation and mother's thyroid gland dysfunction. pp. 113--117
Summary: The influence of dysfunction of female rat thyroid gland (mercazolil and thyroidectomy) and irradiation (acute and prolonged) on the frequency of stable chromosomal aberration -- reciprocal translocations -- in spermatogonia of offspring was investigated.
It was shown that female thyroid dysfunction during gestation and lactation as well as irradiation changes the level of thyroid hormons in the offspring. The main part in disturbance of chromosomal structure plays radiation factor.
BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES
Tsarev V.P., Titov L.P.
Clinical and immunological efficiency of medical plasmapheresis and ultraviolet blood irradiation against bronchial asthma. pp. 118--124
Summary: The addition of medical plasmapheresis to the combined therapy of moderate to severe bronchial asthma, as compared with the baseline data before treatment and similar findings in controls, results in significant positive changes in clinical symptoms such as cough, asthma attacks, and presence of dry rales at lung auscultation. The addition of ultraviolet blood irradiation results in reduced asthma attack frequency and severity. After the combined treatment FEV1, FEV1/VC, MEF25, and MEF25 are more markedly increased. The combination with ultraviolet blood irradiation is characterized by a significant increase in CD8+, CD95+, and HLADR+ lymphocytes in peripheral blood, the readiness to enter a PhHA activationinduced apoptosis, and a reduced spontaneous proliferation of these cells.
In patients with bronchial asthma, there is a direct correlation between the HLADR+ and CD95+ lymphocyte numbers and the level of PhHA-induced apoptosis of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes (r = 0.596 and 0.531, respectively, P < 0.05). Both after medical plasmapheresis and ultraviolet blood irradiation, the inverse correlation between activated apoptosis of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes and the proliferation level (r = - 0.511 and - 0.585, respectively, P < 0.05) was established. After ultraviolet blood irradiation, the total score of clinical symptoms and FEV1 parameter correlated with the level of PhHA-induced apoptosis of blood T-lymphocytes (r = - 0.576 and 0.667, respectively, P < 0.01).
Bigdai E.V., Samoilov V.O.
Investigation of signal systems of olfactory neurons involved in pentanol and camphor reception. pp. 125--129
Summary: In the frog isolated olfactory epithelium, cAMP infracellular signal system was shown to be involved in olfactory transduction of pentanol, but not campor.
Kirillov V.A., Yushchenko Yu.P., Paplevka A.A., Demidchik E.P.
Estimation of importance of follicular cell karyometric parameters in thyroid carcinoma diagnosis. pp. 130--135
Summary: An expert system has been developed based on a set of karyometric parameters reflecting the regularities of pathological changes in thyrocyte nuclei with malignant and benign thyroid pathology. The informativity (accuracy, sensitivity, specificity) as well as the weighting coefficient included into the system of parameters have been assessed, that allowed to perform the probable thyroid carcinoma diagnosis.
SURVEYS
Buko V.U., Lukivskaya O.Ya.
Antioxidant properties of lipids and their derivatives. pp. 136--140
Summary: Some non-structural lipid derivatives (prostaglandins, bile acids, steroids, etc.) develop clear antioxidative properties. We found an antioxidative effect of prostaglandins E1 and E2 (PGE) in rats with chronic alcohol intoxication and chemically induced liver cirrhosis. One of the mechanisms of this PGE action is a decrease in the reactive oxygen species production by liver cytochrome P-450. Soybean polyenoylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) protected the liver of rats with chronic alcohol intoxication or treated with alloxan. PPC normalized liver phospholipid and fatty acid compositions as well as membrane physical properties, exhibiting an antioxidant effect. A similar effect was obtained in experiments with borage oil treatment of rats with obstructive cholestasis, gamma-irradiation or chronic alcohol intoxication. Our recent studies dealt with the antioxidant actions of compounds having steroid structure. We studied the in vitro and in vivo effects of steroid compounds, ursodeoxycholic acid, 17a-estradiol, 17b-estradiol and their dehydro derivatives estra-1,3,5[10],8-tetraene-3,17a-diol, and 14a,15a-methylene-8-dehydro-17a-estradiol, as well as androgens, testosterone, mesterolone, and dihydrotestosterone on the free oxygen radical production and lipid peroxidation. Based on these observations, we believe that lipids are not only oxidizable substrates, but antioxidants as well.
CHRONICLE
Sudakov Konstantin Viktorovich (on his 70th Birthday). pp. 141--142
Skok Vladimir Ivanovich (on his 70th Birthday). pp. 143--144
Cherenkevich Sergei Nikolaevich (on his 60th Birthday). p. 145
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