Весці Нац. акадэміі навук Беларусі, Сер. мед.-біял. навук, 2001, No.2
/ Выданні акадэміі / Навуковыя часопісы
Весці Нац. акадэміі навук Беларусі, Сер. мед.-біял. навук, 2001, No.2
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Весці Нацыянальнай акадэміі навук Беларусі
СЕРЫЯ МЕДЫКА-БІЯЛАГІЧНЫХ НАВУКВыдавец Беларуская навука, Мінск, Рэспубліка Беларусь |
Number 2, 2001
ЗМЕСТ
PHYSIOLOGY AND GENERAL PATHOLOGY
Nechipurenko N. I., Antonov I. P., Gavrilova A. R., Shcherbina N. Yu.
Processes of lipid peroxidation and brain oxygenation during local cerebral ischemia in conditions of the L-arginine-NO-system modulation. pp. 5--9
Summary: In 35 rabbits, parameters of respiration and oxygen transport in the brain cortex and indices of peroxide oxidation of lipids (POL) in the blood, the content of dien conjugates and glutathione peroxidase activity during simulated local cerebral ischemia of 3 h long under conditions of modulation of NO-ergic processes, were studied. An increased production of nitric oxide (NO) during ischemia, induced by application of its donor L-arginine, was found to facilitate oxygen mass transfer in ischemic brain, while the use of the NO-synthase inhibitor L-NAME led to normalization of POL indices and oxygen mass transfer in early postischemic period.
Lobanok L. M., Solovyeva N. G.
The modifying action of ionizing radiation on vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin I and II: age aspects. pp. 10--16
Summary: The present study investigated the influence of ionizing radiation in a dose 1 Gy on vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) and angiotensin I (Ang I) at different ontogenetic stages. It is established that with age there occur alterations of specific angiotensin receptors, change of their sensitivity to agonists, suppression of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and, as a result, decrease of Ang-caused constrictions. The role of inhibitory influence of the endothelium in realization of effects of Ang is insignificant and apparently determines the basal derivation of NO. The radiation influence modifies functional state of local RAS of arterial vessels: constrictor effects of Ang and activity of ACE are changed, sensitivity of angiotensin receptors is increased, dilatatory influences of the endothelium are inhibited. These processes can be a risk factor for development of various pathologies of the cardiovascular system. The direction and degree of postradiation infringements are associated with age,
Dvoretsky D. P., Ryzhikova O. P., Shuvaeva V. N.
Postocclusive reaction of pial arteries in normotensive and spontaneounsly hypertensive rats. pp. 17--22
Summary: Studies comparing reactions of pial arteries during a short-term occlusion (30 s) in normotensive (Wistar-Kyoto) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats were carried out. The method of TV microscopy (in vivo) was used. We suppose that, there are competitive influences of myogenic, metabolic and haemodynamic factors on the vessels under study. According to our working hypothesis, myogenic and haemodynamic factors play an important role in the vessel diameter changes at the first minute after stopping of occlusion. During the next minutes myogenic regulation of the vessels decreased, whereas metabolic one increased. There were differences in postocclusive reactions of normotensive and hypertensive rats in dynamics: in SHR dilations of the pial arteries at the end of the sixth minute after stopping of occlusion were more frequent. These differences can be explained by particularities of the microcirculation bed structure of pia mater in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Eremeev V. S., Khrustaleva R. S., Tsyrlin V. A., Shcherbin Yu. I.
Involvement of arterial baroreceptor reflex in long-term control of sympathetic vasomotor activity. pp. 23--29
Summary: Intravenous infusion of noradrenaline or angiotensin II to anaesthetized cats over three hours resulted in the elevation of arterial pressure and the inhibition of electric activity in renal and inferior cardiac nerves during the whole infusion period. Denervation of main mechanoreceptor areas removed the inhibition of sympathetic activity by noradrenaline infusion. The inhibition of electric activity in sympathetic nerves during noradrenaline infusion persisted if arterial pressure was constant. Perfusion of blood from a donor cat through hemodynamically isolated carotid sinuses of a recipient cat resulted in a sustained suppression of renal nerve electric activity if noradrenaline was administered into the recepient cat. Application of noradrenaline to the hemodynamically isolated carotid sinuses caused only temporary suppression of nerve activity.
These results indicate that the sustained inhibition of nerve activity under the action of noradrenaline is mediated by the central part of the baroreceptor reflex circuit, but not by increased activity of baroreceptor afferents. It is supposed that in certain conditions the baroreceptor reflex can be involved in long-term control of sympathetic vasomotor activity.
Soltanov V. V., Lukashenko T. M.
Neuronal activity of the medullary reticular formation after administration of lipopolysaccharide E.coli into the small intestine. pp. 30--33
Summary: In acute experiments on thiopental-anestlietized rats it was found that administration of 10 µg lipopolysaccharide E. coli to the jejunum led to a prolonged (up to 50 min) and significant increase in the multineuronal firing rate in the medial reticular formation of medulla oblongata, whereas infusion of the endotoxin to the terminal ileum was accompanied by a profound inhibition (for 90 min and more) of the spike discharge.
Kazakevich V. B., Sidorov A. V., Gourine V. N.
Block of nitric oxide synthesis alters behavioural activity of Lymnaea stagnalis. pp. 34--36
Summary: Behavioural states of the fresh water pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis were investigated. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity by NG-Nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) induced a prolonged elevation of heart rate by approximately 25% to control. It also led to a locomotion rate increase by 50%. In these conditions the neuronal pattern of activity of giant multiaction dopamine-containing neurone RPeD1 closely resembles that recorded after serotonin (5-HT) application. 5-HT is a well known potent adenylate cyclase and behavioural arousal activator in molluscs. It is supposed that NO is an endogenous anxiolytic factor, damping the excitability ofneurones in the Lymnaea's CNS.
Igumnov S. A., Drozdovitch V. V.
Psychic development of prenatally exposed children after the Chernobyl accident. pp. 37--44
Summary: The study examined psychological development of 250 children who had suffered prenatal radiation exposure at the time of the Chernobyl accident in 1986. These children were compared to a control group of 250 children of the same age from noncontaminated areas of Belarus. The examination included neurological and psychiatric aspects and intellectual assessment as well as the estimation of thyroid exposure in utero. No statistically significant correlation was found between individual thyroid doses and IQ at the age of 6-7 years or 10-12. No statistically significant distinctions in the average IQ were found between different subgroups of children at the age of 6-7 or 10-12. The relative risk of OR = 2.67 (P < 0.001) was estimated for emotional disorders. The frequency of mental retardation, disturbance of activity and attention, and other mental and behavioural disorders in children from both groups was approximately the same. We conclude that a significant role in the genesis of borderline intellectual functioning and emotional disorders in the exposed group of children was played by unfavourable socio-psychological and socio-cultural factors.
NEUROMORPHOLOGY AND NEUROCHEMISTRY
Tropnikova G. K.
Changes in the serotonin content of the rat brain after blockade of kainate receptors in the ventrolateral medulla. pp. 45--47
Summary: Microinjection of GAMS to the rostroventrolateral medulla (1 mg/ml in 50 nl bilaterally) did not affect the content of serotonin in the nucleus itself but caused its decrease in the hippocampus, caudoventrolateral medulla, and lumbosacral spinal cord and its increase in the frontal cortex and at the nucleus tractus solitarii.
BIOCHEMISTRY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Nikandrov V. N., Vorobyova G. V., Demidchik N. V.
Effect of guanidine hydrochloride on the state of tryptophan-containing sites of human, bovine, and rabbit plasminogens. pp. 48--52
Summary: Considerable changes in the state of tryptophan-containing sites occured under the effect of 3M (5M), 2M (4M) and 2M (6M) guanidine hydrochloride in human, rabbit and bovine plasminogen molecules, respectively (and reached a maximum at 5M, 4M and 6M denaturant). In human plasminogen, but not in bovine, guanidine hydrocliloride effect was able to cause rearrangements of tryptophan-containing sites of cooperative character. In bovine zymogen the denaturant induced gradual unfolding of such sites. In human and bovine plasminogens, but not in rabbit, the orientation of groups (neighboured with tryptophan residues), quenching tryptophan fluorescence, seemed to be realized with the participation of bonds broken by guanidine hydrochloride. On the whole, the molecule of rabbit plasminogen was more sensitive to denaturant effect, however the strongest changes of fluorescence intensity of tryptophan residues were observed under the effect of guanidine salt on bovine plasminogen.
PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
Andyarzhanova E. A., Afanasiev I. I., Kudrin V. S., Rayevsky K. S.
Extracellular content of dopamine and 3,4-dioxyphenylacetic acid and generation of hydroxyl radicals in the dorsal striatum of freely moving rats: effects of D-amphetamine and Sydnocarb. pp. 53--58
Summary: D-amphetamine and its derivatives have a high toxic potential. Sydnocarb, as compared to D-amphetamine, is characterized by mild and long-term psychostimulant effect. In the present study effects of D-amphetamine and Sydnocarb (4 doses, each given 2 hours apart) on the dopaminergic neurotransmission and hydroxyl radical generation in the striatum of freely moving Wistar rats were evaluated. In contrast with D-amphetamine, Sydnocarb elicited a moderate increase in the DA and 2, 3-DHBA extracellular levels and did not decrease the DOPAC extracellular level. The behavioral stereotype was lower after Sydnocarb administration. Taken together our data suggest a difference in the mode of action of the two drugs and show a lower neurotoxic potential of Sydnocarb.
Pyrochkin V. M.
The elastic properties of common carotid arteries in atherosclerosis and their modifications under the influence of simvastatin. pp. 59--63
Summary: The purpose of the research was to study the simvastatine influence on elastic properties, the complex of intima-media (CIM) and lipid metabolism in patients with atherosclerosis of common carotid arteries (CCA). The dynamics of CIM, CCA elastic properties and lipid metabolic indices were investigated during 6-month simvastatine intake in a dose of 10 mg daily. The simvastatine intake during one month caused a moderate hypolipidemic effect and a marked effect after 6 months of regular intake. The one-month simvastatine therapy improved CCA elastic properties in view of the resiliency coefficient decrease and elastic coefficient increase. After 6 months of regular intake the complex of intima-media decreased.
Borodinsky A. N., Ostrovsky S. Yu., Ban'kovsky A. A., Konovalenko O. V., Gurinovich V. A., Zadalya Yu. V.
Changes in the content of amino acids in the rat liver during prolonged inhalation of propanol. pp. 64--67
Summary: The effect of poisoning with different concentrations of propanol, administered via inhalation, on the state of free amino acid pool in the rat liver was studied. The chronic inhalation of propanol was shown to change significantly the liver amino acid pool. The normalization of most of the indices by the 3rd-- 4th months of intoxication indicates switching on of the bodily mechanisms of adaptation to the toxic agent.
VIRUSOLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
Titov L. P.
Primary immunodeficiency states of the man: manifestations, genetics, diagnosis, and approaches to therapy. pp. 68--76
Summary: Primary immunodeficiency states (PIDS) are conditions described by the absence or low content of cells and/or molecules of the immune system, and also their function, and showing clinical signs and sets of symptoms indicating the presence of genetical inherent defects. More than 80 types of PIDS are identified. Their occurrence among the population varies from 1:500 to 1:100 000 000. 50% of them are defects of humoral immune response (B- or antibody formation-related), 30% are combined (B- and T-cell), 10% -- T-cell, 8% -- defects of phagocytes, and 2% -- defects of proteins of the complement system. The diagnosis and management of PIDS include clinical and laboratory methods (assessment of B- and T-immunity systems, function of phagocytes and complement system). The treatment is based on replacement therapy by preparations of intravenous immunoglobulins, reconstruction of the immune system by transplantation of bone marrow or stem cells and gene therapy methods.
MEDICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICAL GENETICS
Bekish O.-Ya. L., Bekish V. Ya., Pobyarzhin V. V., Kolmogorov V. I.
Effect of helminth metabolites on the genetic apparatus of somatic and generative host cells. pp. 77--81
Summary: Infringements in the genetic apparatus of cells of the bone marrow and testicles of mice caused by Hymenolepis nana, Ascaris suum and Toxocara canis helminth metabolites are investigated with the micronuclear test. The spermatogenesis activity is investigated at experimental hymenolepidosis, migralive ascariasis and toxocarosis with the use of 3H thymidine. It is established that helminthic metabolites have mutagenic influence both on somatic cells of the bone marrow, spermatogonies, and on generative cells (spermatides) of helminth -- invaded mice. A synchronous increase of the micronucleus number in erythrocytes and spermatogonies and to a lesser degree in spermatides of invaded mice is revealed. The features of infringements in the genetic apparatus of host somatic and generative cells depend on helminth species and its life cycle. The spermatogenesis activity decreases at experimental hymenolepidosis, migrative ascariasis and toxocarosis.
BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES
Zorina T. E., Beloyenko E. D., Eismont O. L., Kravchenko I. E., Yermakov S. F.
Effect of liquid crystal cholesterol-like systems on luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of immunocompetent cells of blood and synovial fluid. pp. 82--85
Summary: The influence of liquid crystal cholesterol -- like systems (LCCS) on characteristics of peripheral blood granulocytes and total fraction of cells from synovial fluid was studied. The cells were treated to induce enhancement of luminol -- dependent chemiluminescence. The efficiency of granulocyte stimulation by LCCS and known inducers of phagocytosis was compared. It was concluded that the observed effect may be involved in realization of anti-inflammatory action of LCCS during local therapy of rheumatoid diseases.
Rubakhov K. O.
Direct revascularization of the myocardium without artificial circulation. pp. 86--90
Summary: Conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) carries the deleterious effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The aim of this work is to report new biotechnologies of operations of CABG on the beating heart without CPB. 51 patients were operated on the beating heart. Most operations were executed from median sternotomy. Stabilizers were used in 37 patients. The mean number of off-pump grafts per patient was 1.5. Myocardial revascularization without CPB appears to be safe for high-risk patients and benefits early discharge.
Mikhailov A. N., Malevich E. E.
Fundamental and applied aspects of radiodiagnosis of dyskinesia and chronic inflammatory diseases of the large intestine. pp. 91--98.
Summary: Clinical and radiographic examinations were made in 316 patients. Colonodyskinesia was found in 105, chronic nonulcerative colitis in 133, nonspecific ulcerative colitis in 78. In all, 1123 review and 554 target roentgenograms were made.
Retrograde application of a contrast substance to the large intestine followed by triple colonography and a planimetric analysis of the X-ray profile of the colon, we believe, is the most efficient algorithm of radiodiagnosis of chronic colitis and colonodyskinesias, which provides earlier unavailable evidence.
The new technology of radiodiagnosis, radiocolonoplanimetry, allows to make fair the interpretation and assessment of the roentgenological pattern of chronic colitis and colonodyskinesia and to properly perform their differential diagnosis.
Investigation with the use of roentgenoplanimetry of the contractility of the large intestine muscles is highly important in determining the depth of the wall affection and in disease prognosis.
REVIEWS
Ivanov K. P.
Structure, principles offunction, and physiological purposes of the thermoregulatory system. pp. 99--103
Summary: The author presents the theory of thermoregulation. The physiological purpose of the thermoregulatory system in humans is to maintain the temperature homeostasis in the zone of temperature comfort (in the thermoneutral zone for animals). The main suggestion of the paper is that the thermoregulatory system can measure the temperature gradient between the surface and deep skin layers. Theoretically this allows the intensity of the heat flows through the skin to be measured. So, fluctuations of the intensity of the heat flows are proportional to fluctuations of the mean body temperature.
Sidorenko G. I., Karviga I. I.
The problem of pain in myocardial ischemia. pp. 104--119
Summary: Silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) is observed in different clinical forms and variants of CHD course. It is demonstrated that SMI exerts unfavourable influence on life prognosis in CHD patients and that is why requires active antiischemic therapy. In spite of long-term study, the problem of causes for the appearance of SMI remains open. However, there is convincing evidence that SMI occurs in patients with reduced general sensitivity to pain. Probable causes for reduced pain sensitivity, study and assessment methods for pain in clinic are dealt with in the survey.
Vislobokov A. I., Ignatov Yu. D.
Current ideas about membrane mechanisms of action of opioid analgesic drugs on neurons. pp. 120--131
Summary: Data on membranel mechanisms of neuronal action and voltage-gated ion channels are presented. The influence of opioid analgesic drugs on Ca++, Na+, K+ channels of Lymnaea stagnalis neurons was studied using the technique of intracellular perfusion of isolated neurons and whole-cell voltage clamp technique. All compounds in concentrations from I to 1000 µM were added into external (perfusing) solutions. All of them could influence the neuron status through the membranostabilizing effects, increasing non-specific leakage currents of the membrane and alteration of the membrane specific potential near ion channels. The drugs suppress ion currents of voltage-gated channels and interact with gate structures of ion channels, altering their activation and inactivation kinetics.
ANNIVERSARIES
The 80th anniversary of Veniamin I. Votyakov. pp. 132--134
Summary: On August 1, 2001, is the 80th anniversary of Professor Veniamin I. Votiakov, a distinguished virusologist, member of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, of Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, chief scientific worker at the Department of Ecology and Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Belarus.
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The centenary of David M. Golub. pp. 135--137
Summary: On August 10, 2001, is the centenary of Professor David М. Golub, a prominent scientist, world-famous neuromorphologist, founder of Belarussian neuroembryological school, doctor of medical scences, member of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Honoured scientist of BSSR, USSR State prize-winner.
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OBITUARY
Nickolai E. Savchenko. p. 138
Summary: Professor Nickolai Е. Savchenko passed away at the age of 79. A well-known urologist, prominent organizer of health service as the former health minister, distinguished public figure, doctor of medical sciences, academician, USSR and BSSR State prize-winner, author of over 300 articles, II monographs, member of European Society of Urologists and International Society of Surgeons.
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/ Выданні акадэміі / Навуковыя часопісы / Да пачатку старонкі
Designed and maintained by Dr. Nikolai N. Kostyukovich. Last updated: December 10, 2006
Created with assistance of Dr. Ignatii I. Korsak
Copyright © 2001-2006 The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
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