Весці Нац. акадэміі навук Беларусі, Сер. мед.-біял. навук, 2002, No.1

Весці Нац. акадэміі навук Беларусі, Сер. мед.-біял. навук, 2002, No.1

Весці Нацыянальнай акадэміі навук Беларусі
СЕРЫЯ МЕДЫКА-БІЯЛАГІЧНЫХ НАВУК
Выдавец Беларуская навука, Мінск, Рэспубліка Беларусь

Number 1, 2002

ЗМЕСТ

PHYSIOLOGY AND GENERAL PATHOLOGY

Reutov V. P., Kuzenkov V. S., Krushinsky A. L., Koshelev V. B., Ryasina T. V., Levshina I. P., Shuikin N. N., Kositsyn N. S., Airapetyants M. G.
Effects of the NO-generating drug and the NO-synthase inhibitor on the development of acoustic stress-induced disorders in rats of Krushinsky--Molodkina strain. pp. 5--10

Summary: Effects of the NO- generating drug and the NO-synthase inhibitor on the development of stress-induced disorders were studied on a model of acoustic stress in Krushinsky--Molodkina rats genetically predisposed to audiogenic seizures. NaNO₂ at 0.5 mg/100 g body weight caused a decrease of the death rate, severity of motor disorders, incidence and degree of intracranial hemorrhages. Higher dosage of the drug (5 mg/ 100 g) had an opposite, facilitating effect on the development of stress-induced lesions. L-NNA enhanced stress-induced seizures at all doses (0.25 mg/100 g, 2.5 mg/100 g and 25 mg/100 g). When the NO-synthase inhibitor (0.25 mg/100 g or 2.5 mg/100 g) was administered together with NaNO₂ (0.5 mg/100 g) its facilitating effect on the severity of stress-produced disorders was completely abolished.

Soltanov V. V., Levkovets V. S.
Dynamics of the catecholamine content in rat tissues in different time periods of ischemia of the small intestine. pp. 11--14

Summary: Ischemia of the small intestine of different duration (30, 60, 120 min) leads to diffuse but opposite changes in the content of catecholamines in tissues. At the same time reperfusion after 2-hour ischemia is accompanied by a sharp decrease in their content in the medulla oblongata, hypothalamus, heart, adrenals, stomach, intestine, and in blood.

Melenchuk E. V.
Involvement of extracellular ATP in the central mechanisms of thermoregulation in febrile rabbits. pp. 15--17

Summary: Effects of the centrally applied purinoreceptor agonist and antagonist on body and ear skin temperature of rabbits in thermoneutral (20--22°C) and febrile conditions were studied. The ATP analogue a,b-methyleneATP (100µg) in thermoneutral conditions did not lead to significant changes in body and ear skin temperature; however, under endotoxin-induced hyperthermia it considerably increased the febrile response. Experiments with the blockade of the central purinergic mechanisms showed that the P2 receptor antagonist suramin (100 µg) increased the body temperature, but in conditions of LPS-induced hyperthermia it did not affect the febrile response. Thus, the results suggest that extracellular ATP can be involved in the central mechanisms of thermoregulation both normally and during fever.

Sorokina E. G., Reutov V. P., Granstrem O. K., Fadyukova O. E., Obrezchikova M. N., Krushinsky A. L., Kuzenkov V. S., Koshelev V. B., Dambinova S. A., Pinelis V. G.
A possible role of nitric oxide in damaging glutamate receptors during epilepsy. pp. 18--22

Summary: The formation of autoantibodies (aAB) to Glu R₁ subtype of glutamate receptors was investigated in blood serum of audiogenic epilepsy-prone Krushinsky--Molodkina (KM) and Wistar rats after injection of the NO-generating agent NaNO₂. It was shown that 2--3 days after seizure the level of aAB Glu R₁ in blood serum of KM rats increased while no changes were observed in blood samples of Wistar rats, which do not develop seizures to audiogenic stress. The injection of NaNO₂ significantly enhanced the blood content of aAB Glu R₁ and this effect was strongly dose-dependent. A possible role of NO in damaging glutamate receptors and its participation in compensatory mechanisms at epilepsy is discussed.

Sidorenko A. V.
Analysis of the bioelectric parameters of the brain and heart by nonlinear dynamics methods. pp. 23--29

Summary: The results of processing and analysis of the brain and heart bioelectric parameters by nonlinear dynamics methods according to R. Hwa, P. Grassberger, P. Procaccia algorithms are presented. The dynamics of bioelectric parameters to the functional loading as breathing delay, smoking and microwaves treatment is numerically characterized.

Koulchitsky S. V., Messlinger K. B.
Effect of capsaicin on neuronal activity in the CA3 area of the rat hippocampus. pp. 30--33

Summary: In experiments on sagittal sections of the rat hippocampus the activity of pyramidal neurons of the CA3 area after application of a vanilloid capsaicin (0.001%) was studied. In the first 70--80 s the generation frequency of currents associated with action potentials in CA3 neurons increased from 30 ± 3 cycle/min to 75 ± 5 cycle/min. Beginning from 140--150 s the CA3 neuron activity gradually decreased until it was completely blocked 4--5 min after the capsaicin application. In addition to a change in the current generation frequency, there was a gradual decrease in the amplitude and increase in the duration of these currents. A possible involvement of the hippocampus via vanilloid receptors in the central mechanisms of pain processing is discussed.

NEUROMORPHOLOGY AND NEUROCHEMISTRY

Golub D. M. †, Kovaleva N. M., Novakovskaya S. A.
Possible mechanisms and ways of action of organopexies. pp. 34--41

Summary: Organopexy plays an important role in the regeneration of nerves and vessels and in the subsequent directional innervation of organs with chronic neurogenous deficiency. It stimulates the intra- and extraorgan nervous apparatus and thereby the specific function of organs, neurotrophically influences them and facilitates adaptocompensatory processes in these organs.

Archakova L. I., Gourine V. N., Yemelyanova A. A., Serdyuchenko N. S., Soroka N. F.
Effects of laser and magnetolaser treatment on the growth and maturation of repairing hyaline cartilage cells in the knee joint of rabbits in different postoperative periods. pp. 42--53

Summary: On a model of traumatic arthritis of the knee joint in rabbits, effect of combined blue (l = 441.6 nm) and red (l = 632.8 nm) laser radiation and their effects in combination with low magnetic field of 25--50 mTl on the submicroscopic organization of a surgically damaged repairing hyaline cartilage at 21, 30, 60 and 90 days after operation in case of laser exposure and at 30 days in case of the magnetolaser treatment were studied using electron microscopy. During 21 postoperative days the animals received 14 sessions of combined laser radiation, and during 30, 60, and 90 days 18 sessions, respectively, like under magnetolaser treatment. The exposures either increased the proliferation of cartilage cells or facilitated their maturation and also led to degenerative changes of cartilage tissue which were more or less intense depending on experimental conditions. The most favorable effect on the repair of the hyaline cartilage was produced by 18 sessions of blue and red laser radiation 60 and 90 days after operation, when degenerative cartilage cells were detected only in single instances and the proliferation and maturation processes in chondrocytes were optimally balanced. At the same time, 18 sessions of combined treatment with magnetic field and blue and red laser radiation during 30 days appeared to be a potent stimulus which inhibited the repair processes in the injured cartilage, resulting in the death of many young chondrocytes after initial stimulation of the proliferation of cartilage cells.

Shumeiko N. S.
Age peculiarities of neuronal groups in the sensomotor cortex of the human brain. pp. 54--57

Summary: Using computer analysis of histological specimens of the motor cortex of the man aged from birth to 20 and individual peculiarities of local groups sublayer III³ of areas 4r and 6or, periods of intensive and slow growth of the area of profile fields (PF) of cell groups and total area (TA) of neurons in a group were established. It was shown that intensive age changes of PF area of cell groups and neuron TA occurred in area 4r during the first 3 years, while in area 6or from birth up to 7 years. Specific features of the group development in functionally different areas of the human brain cortex were demonstrated.

Netukova N. I., Pesotskaya Ya. A., Pashkevich S. G., Zolotarev V. A., Novoselova A. M., Polenov S. A.
Patterns of activation of the solitary tract nucleus and ultrastructural changes in the ventral medulla of rats. pp. 58--61

Summary: Experiments on rats with the use of electron microscopy revealed in the ventral medulla transformation of synapses 20 min after electrical stimulation of the solitary tract nucleus by pulse trains (20 µA, 40/s, train duration I s, interval I s, for 5 min). Transformations at the pre- and postsynaptic membranes, accumulation of synaptic vesicles close to the presynaptic membrane, and growth in the number of ribosomes near the membranes indicated an increased functional activity of synaptic formations. We conclude that stimulation of the solitary tract nucleus by electrical pulse trains is accompanied by a more marked increase in the synaptic activity at relay nuclei in the ventral medulla as compared with stimulation of the dorsomedial medulla in a regular mode.

BIOCHEMISTRY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY

Maltsev A. N., Leve O. I., Buko V. U.
Effects of prostaglandin E₂ and indomethacin on lipid metabolism and fatty acid composition of phospholipids in the liver of chronically alcohol-intoxicated rats. pp. 62--65

Summary: Metabolic changes of lipids and phospolipid fatty acids in the liver of rats with chronic alcohol intoxication as with as correction of thise changes by treatment with prostaglandin E₂ have been studied. The data obtained indicate that the treatment with prostaglandin E₂ prevents the development of essential fatty acid deficiency in the liver of rats chronically intoxicated with ethanol.

PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY

Devrim Dogan M., Akarsu E. S.
Pharmacological evidence for the heterogeneous nature of lipopolysaccharide-induced pyrogenic responses in rats. pp. 66--69

Summary: The effectiveness of nonselective cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibitors on two different lipopolysaccharides (LPS) -- induced thermoregulatory responses was evaluated in rats. E. coli 055: B5 serotype LPS (50 µg/kg, ip) produced a pyrogenic response, which was partially inhibited by diclofenac (3 mg/kg, sc). Indomethacin (5 mg/kg, sc) was also partially effective. E. coli 0111: B4 serotype LPS (50 µg/kg, ip) caused a dual response in which hypothermia preceded fever. The hypothermic component of the response was completely abolished by diclofenac or indomethacin treatment on the respective doses; but the subsequent fever could be inhibited only by diclofenac. Indomethacin did not effective on fever at all. These data show that LPS-induced hyperthermic responses are pharmacologically heterogeneous. Depending on LPS itself, some alternative pathways seem to be activated which may be collectively responsible for an increased prostaglandin E₂ production, initiating of fever in rats.

Tsykhun G. F., Vikenteva N. K., Danilova T. Ya.
Effect of combined application of phenobarbital, endotoxin and heat on the intensity of energy metabolism and the hormonal level in rat tissues. pp. 70--74

Summary: Separate and combined 10-fold application of phenobarbital (35 mg/kg) and lipopolysaccharide E. coli (25 mg/kg) to animals produced a unidirectional, differently stimulating effect on the energy supply of brain, myocardial and liver mitochondria, the blood level of corticosterone, and the content of catecholamines in thymic and splenic nerve fibres. The changes were most marked after combined treatment with the two agents of animals previously subjected to prolonged heat exposure (25 sessions, 4 h daily, 37 °C).

Ilyukevich G. V.
Blood cytokines during acute general peritonits. pp. 75--78

Summary: Patients with acute general peritonitis had a high level of antiinflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-8), which correlates with the gravity of the disease. Intravenous infusions of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline produced an anticytokine effect and enabled to control the systemic inflammatory response.

VIRUSOLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

Kuzmitsky B. B., Golubeva M. B., Konoplya N. A., Lyubin G. S., Katok Ya. M.
Immunopharmacological profile of new 11-desoxyprostaglandins series analogues having heterocyclic fragments in w-chain. pp. 79--82

Summary: Immunotropic activity of the new prostaglandin analogues of 11-desoxy-PGF_a series, which can be considered as modified F_a series prostaglandins containing native a-chain and pyridylic fragments in w-chain (I -- methyl ether of 9a,15-hydroxy-13-oxo-15-(pyridyl-2')-16,17,18,19,20-pentanorprostanic acid; II -- methyl ether of 9a,b,13,15-trihydroxy-13-oxo-15-(pyridyl-4')-16,17,18,19,20-pentanorprostanic acid), was studied. F-prostanoid (I) was shown to be capable of stimulating the primary immune response to sheep red blood cells. Oraladministration of the compound resulted in an increase of the amount of antibody-forming cells in the spleen and hemagglutinin liters in the blood serum of immunized mice by 90--150%, the effect being strictly dose-dependent. The compound has no significant effect both on the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and "transplant against host" reactions. In contrast to F-prostanoid (I), F-prostanoid (II) suppressed the humoral type immune reaction by 30--40% and had depressive effect on the development of the DTH reaction.

Slizen V. V., Titov L. P.
Volatile fatty acid spectrum of obligate anaerobic bacteria in the diagnosis of surgical infections. pp. 83--90

Summary: The presence of volatile fatty acids in clinical material as a diagnostic criterion for infections associated with anaerobic microorganisms was under study. The volatile fatty acid profiles and levels produced by pure cultures of gram-negative obligate anaerobes were investigated. Gas-liquid chromatography was applied for VFA detection. The gas-liquid chromatography enabled to achieve rapid (within 30--40 min) and effective detection of anaerobes in clinical specimens from infected wounds and perirectal abscesses and demonstrated high correlation (90.1%) with bacteriological results. One of the following VFA, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, valeric, detected in 95% of clinical specimens, was a reliable indicator for the presence of anaerobes. The most toxic VFA, butyric, propionic, isobutyric, were frequently detected (78%, 79%, 67%) in clinical specimens in concentrations (3.556 ± 1.217, 0.874 ± 0.275, 0.827 ± 0.279 mmol/ml) that are considered to manifest pathogenic potential. The isolates of Bacteroides fragilis produced predominantly acetic, propionic, isobutyric acids.

MEDICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICAL GENETICS

Kirillova I. A., Novikova I. V., Lazyuk G. I., Galaganova L. M., Auge J., Audolent S., Razavi F., Attie T., Vekemans M.
Molecular embryology of some kidney and CNS malformations in humans. pp. 91--93

Summary: In situ hybridization to sense and antisense RNA-probes on serial paraffin sections of human embryos was used to study the SHH gene expression in three Carnegie stage 20--22 embryos with craniorachischisis and two Carnegie stage 18 embryos with spina bifida. PAX2 and GDNF gene expression was analyzed in a Carnegie stage 23 embryo with cystic dysplasia of the kidney. A decreased GDNF gene expression associated with persistent PAX2 gene expression was observed in an abnormal cystic kidney anlage. Multiplication of the SHH gene expression domain in the floor plate was revealed in various neural tube defects. Duplication of the notochord, broadening and duplication of the SHH gene expression domain in cervical region (the primary site of neural tube closure) was detected in craniorachischisis. These abnormalities may reflect the pathogenic mechanisms of the corresponding malformations.

BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES

Mrochek A. G., Stelmashok V. I., Minchenya V. T., Adzerikho I. E., Gerasevich V.A.
Effects of different low-frequency ultrasound regimens on the debris size during ultrasonic intravascular disruption of occlusive atherosclerotic plaques. pp. 94--97

Summary: We have investigated the influence of probe tip displacement on debris size during the ultrasonic intravascular disruption of occlusive atherosclerotic plaques. It was determined that tip vibration with longitudinal displacement 50 Mm and transversal displacement 20 Mm induced the formation of less size particles (P < 0.01) in comparison with cases when amplitudes of longitudinal and transversal tip displacement were 5 Mm. These distinctions were connected with the increase in subcapillar size debris number (P < 0.01) and decrease in quantity of embologenic particles after elevation of tip displacement amplitude that could reduce the risk of postprocedural distal embolism.

Azev O. A.
A device for noninvasive monitoring of respiration rate and depth in laboratory animals. pp. 98--100

Summary: Advantages and shortcomings of the known methods of respiration recording are considered. A principle of respiration rate and depth measurement by a noninvasive contactless method based on the reflected infrared radiation intensity measurement is set up. A basic electrical circuit which realises the principle, with a short description of its work, is given.

Slobozhanina E. I., Avhacheva T. V., Luk'yanenko L. M., Antonovich A. N., Kozlova N. M., Gres N. A., Arinchin A. N.
The NADH-methemoglobin reductase activity in erythrocytes of children living in conditions of combined radiation and chemical exposure. pp. 101--105

Summary: The NADH-methemoglobin reductase activity and physicochemical state of membrane lipids, in erythrocytes of children living in conditions of combined radiation and chemical impact and in regions with a natural background radiation were studied. It is concluded that unfavorable ecological factors affect the functioning of membrane-bound NADH-methemoglobin reductase in erythrocytes, apparently due to a change in the physicochemical state of membrane lipids.

SURVEYS

Matyukhin V. A., Razumov A. N.
The problems of small doses and radiation hormesis. pp. 106--115

Summary: This is a review of the problem of radiation hormesis and influences of small radiation doses on the vital functions. The authors support a hypothesis about the correlation of the natural radiation doses and therapeutic radiation doses in medicine.

Demidchik E. P., Veremeichik V. M., Man'kouvskya S. V.
Moleculargenetic studies of papillary thyroid cancer. pp. 116--121

Summary: Much is yet to be learned about cancer and its genetic basis. A variety of genes have been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid carcinoma (TC). It is clear that RET proto-oncogene is responsible for MEN 2A, MEN 2B, FMTC, and PTC. Rearrangements of the RET may occur in both naturally occurring and radiation-induced PTC. Conflicting results on the frequency and type of RET/PTC rearrangements have been reported in relation to age, radiation exposure, and histological tumor variant. A further discovery of the RET proto-oncogene and its role in tumorigenesis will help improve our understanding of TC and the precise mechanisms of neoplastic transformation.

CHRONICLE

Anniversary of Ivan Bulygin. p. 122 On February 9, 2002, is the 95th anniversary of Ivan A. Bulygin, Professor, Dr. Biol. Sci., Member of Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Honoured Man of Science of Belarus, SSSR and BSSR State Prize Winner, distinguished scientist, founder of Belarusian school of physiologists. Ivan Bulygin was Director of the Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of Belarus, till his death in 1984.

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Created with assistance of Dr. Ignatii I. Korsak
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