Весці Нац. акадэміі навук Беларусі, Сер. мед.-біял. навук, 2003, No.1
/ Выданні акадэміі / Навуковыя часопісы
Весці Нац. акадэміі навук Беларусі, Сер. мед.-біял. навук, 2003, No.1
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Весці Нацыянальнай акадэміі навук Беларусі
СЕРЫЯ МЕДЫКА-БІЯЛАГІЧНЫХ НАВУКВыдавец Беларуская навука, Мінск, Рэспубліка Беларусь |
Number 1, 2003
ЗМЕСТ
PHYSIOLOGY AND GENERAL PATHOLOGY
Mikhailov A. N., Aleshkevich A. I.
Some aspects of ethyopathogenesis and clinical x-ray diagnostics of osteoarthritis. pp. 5--11
Summary: The resuite of X-ray examination of knee joints in 140 patients served as material for the present research. Of these patients, 108 had various degrees of osteoarthritis. 32 patients formed the control group. The X-ray examination was performed by the method of traditional radiography in a horizontal position of a patient and by the method of functional radiography with a load with subsequent dimension of joint-line parameters of the received radiographs.
It has been stated that the newly developed technology of osteoarthritis radiodiagnosis of the knee, which involves of realization in a vertical position of the completely straightened knee joint as well as with 30°C bent knee joint with subsequent dimension of joint-line parameters of the received radiographs. This improves the quality of diagnostics and allows to obtain more detailed information about the degree of osteoarthritis. Normal values of the lateral and medial areas ratio of joint-line in the straightened position of a knee joint and appropriate parameters of the bent knee joint have made 0.05±0.007; for the 1-st stage -- 0.13±0.006; for the 2-nd stage -- 0.18±0.011; for the 3-rd stage -- 0.30±0.030.
The newly developed technique allows to precisely differentiate stages of osteoarthritis of the knee joint according to known classifications. The introduction of the new technique does not require additional economic expenses and can be used in all radiological department.
Tzschentke B.
Energy saving mechanisms during the early ontogeny in precocial birds. pp. 12--16
Summary: This paper gives an overview of energy saving by mechanisms during embryonic by and early postnatal development of precocial birds using experimental results published the own work group or other authors in the scientific literature. It is focused on the high cold tolerance in bird embryos, the prenatal initiation of epigenetic adaptation processes and the lower thermoregulatory set-point during the first days post-hatching as well as interactions between behavioural and physiological thermoregulatory mechanisms to maintain a stable body temperature.
Khodosovsky M. N., Lis R. E., Zinchuk V. V.
Morphological and functional conditiens during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. pp. 17--20
Summary: Oxygen supply was corrected in rabbits during the hepatic ischemia-reperfusion by means of different breathing mixtures. Hepatic ischemia was induced for 30 min by ligation of a. hepatica propria; reperfusion period lasted 120 min. The animals were subdivided into 4 groups: normoxic (ambient air), hypoxic (n = 6; 14.8% O2 + 85.2% N2), hyperoxic (n = 7; 78% O2 + 20.2% N2 + 1.8% CO2), and hypereapnic (n = 4; 5% CO2 in air). Indices of the severity of reperfusion damage were evaluated by the activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase in plasma of hepatic and mixed blood and by morphologic staining of liver with hematoxyline and eosine. The ligation of a. hepatica propria resulted in the venous congestion in liver. The development of hydropic "balloon" distrophy was noted at the end of reperfusion in all groups; its degrees were different -- the least in hypoxic conditions. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion was accompanied by the considerable rise of blood transaminase activities in all experimental groups, except the hypoxic one. Thus, the data obtained indicated that the creation of moderate hypoxia during the reperfusion provided the minimization of hepatic damage in this pathologic condition.
Hahn B., Janke O., Tzschentke B.
Higher heat production in warm adapted chicken embryos: Signs of epigenetic adaptation mechanisms? pp. 21--24
Summary: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of prenatal warm load in comparison with normal incubation temperature on thermoregulatory heat production in bird embryos. At the 10th day post-hatching, warm adapted Muscovy ducks showed an increased cold sensitivity of hypothalamic neurons. This cold sensitivity was observed in an increased proportion of cold sensitive neurons and a reduced proportion of warm sensitive neurons in comparison to the control. In cold adapted Muscovy ducklings, the opposite effect was found. Proximative inadaptive and later adaptive reactions were found in embryos of the Muscovy duck and chicken when regarding the influence of cooling or warming on blood flow in the vessels of chorioallantoic membrane and, respectively, the influence of acoustic stimulation on he heart rate in Muscovy duck embryos.
Poputnikov D. M.
Involvement of n. ambiguus neurons in changes of the heart rate induced by central action of bicuculline during hypo- and hyperthermia in anesthetired rats. pp. 25--30
Summary: Effect of the GABAA-receptor blocker bicuculline on the heart rate and electrical activity of n. amhiguus neurons and rostral ventrolateral medulla in rats during hypo- and hyperthermia was studied. Intracerebroventricularly applied bicuculline changed differently the heart rate in hypo- and hyperthermia animals (decreased under hypothermia and increased under hyperthermia). In hypothermic conditions, bicuculline increased the activity of neurons of the vagal center regulating the heart rate, while in hyperthermic conditions the agent decreased it, which correlated with changes in the heart rate after inhibition of the functional activity of central GABAA-ergic mechanisms. Thus, the results indicate thet deceleration of the heart rate induced by centrally applied bicuculline during hypothermia and its acceleration during hyperthermia are realized with an active involvement of the vagal centre of medullary n. ambiguus.
Voitovich A. M., Trusova V. D., Кruрnоvа E. V., Afonin V. Yu., Ogurtsova S. E.
Influence of mutagens of different nature on micronuclei formation in cells of intestinal epitelium. pp. 31--33
Summary: An acute experiment with mitomycin С has shown that in C57BI/6j mice, the maximum level of intestinal epithelium cells with micronuclei was observed 30 h after exposure. When carrying out genetic monitoring of bank vole populations in radiocontaminated areas, the relationship was revealed between the 137Cs content in animal body and the cell number of intestinal epithelium with micronuclei.
Kizyukevich L. S., Turevsky A. A.
Method for experimental formation of combined hepatic exocrine malfunction in rats. pp. 34--35
Summary: This method allows to induce the well-controlled hepatic exocrine malfunction, i. e., cholestasis and complete body bile loss, by means of single surgical intervention.
Stepanova N. A., Vismont F. I.
Role of nitric oxide in the formation of the thyroid status, regulation of detoxification function of the liver and body tempetature during endotoxin fever. pp. 36--41
Summary: In experiments on rats and rabbits, it was established that action of LPS in the organism led to the activation of the hypophysis -- thyroid gland system, detoxication processes in the liver, and to the rise in body temperature. Preliminary injection of NO-synthase inhibitors (L-NNA, L-NAME) diminished febrile response to endotoxin, prevented activation of detoxication function of the liver and hypophysis -- thyroid gland system. It was found that NO-synthase blockers attenuate hypothermia and changes in the thyroid status caused by hepatotoxic poison ССl4.
Thus, it is possible to suggest that NO, its synthesis in the liver, plays an important role in the regulation of the detoxication function of the hepatocytes and their resistance to bacterial and nonbacterial toxins.
BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES
Azev O. A.
Method of insulation of tungsten microelectrodes by glass. pp. 42--44
Summary: A procedure of insulation of tungsten bars by glass by covering with heated glass capillary is described. The method provides a close adherence of glass to a metal bar and its complete coating up to the tip and a high percentage of efficient production.
Martynova M. A., Nikolskaya V. P., Gurevich G. L., Matus V. К. †, Konev S. V.
Formation of liposomal rifampicin by detergent dialysis techniques. pp. 45--48
Summary: Antimycobacterial drug-rifampicin incorporation into monolayered liposomes prepared by detergent dialysis techniques is reviewed. Incorporation depends on the container used to preparate the vesicles and minor lipid component concentration. Size and structure of liposome is determined.
Kotova O. V.
Study of heart rate regulation in healthy individuals by stochastic method. pp. 49--51
Summary: Reactions of heart system to physical stress were studied with the purpose of comparison of two techniques of loading of testing traditional bicycle of assay, with the capacity of 50, 100, 150 W, and stochastic assay, with the pseudo-normal law of distribution in a range of 40--160 W. 45 exams of the healthy persons were carried out, whose average age was 45.9±12.0. Both assays were comparable in the executed work (54 kJ), average capacity (100 W), and duration of the test (9 min). The results of research have shown that stochastic series capacity, due to unpredictability and adequacy frequency response to the characteristics of the organism, enables, approximately in 1.5 times faster and precisely, to establish physiological reserves of the organism.
Slobozhanina E. I., Komissarova S. M., Kozlova N. M., Luk'yanenko L. M., Moroz-Vodolajskaya N. N.
Activity of enzymes of antioxidant protection and state of erythrocyte membrane lipids in patients with ischemic heart disease with heart failure. pp. 52--55
Summary: Activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathionperoxidase) erythrocytes protection and state of membrane lipid bilayer in patients with chronic ischemic myocardium dysfunction are studied. It is shown that the patients with large zone of ischemic myocardium dysfunction have the depressed enzyme activity of SOD and GSHPx which leads to the activation of free radical reactions that, in turn, can change microviscosity of erythrocyte membrane lipid bilayer assessed using lipophilic fluorescence probes DPH incorporated in erythrocyte membranes. The results of the study can be used for prognosis of IHD course and its complications.
Slinko S. K., Pashkevich S. G., Koulchitsky S. V., Kurek V. V., Netukova N. I., Protko A. A., Kulchitsky V. A.
Mechanisms of systemic antinociceotive effects of high thoracic epidural anesthesia. pp. 56--59
Summary: Epidural application of anesthetic agents (1 mg/kg bupivacaine and 0.5 mg/kg calypsol) at T3-T4 level was accompanied by a prolonged analgetic effect on the viscera and did not actually change the control of nociceptive reflexes of the somatic sphere. A regional action of anesthetics prevailed over systemic effects during hihg thoracic epidural anesthesia. Epidural bupivacaine and calypsol applied at T3-T4 led to a prolonged systemic arterial hypotension, which theoretically can be used in clinical practice as a way of lowering arterial pressure during some forms of hypertonic disease.
Sidorenko A. V., Britch M. A.
Modelling dynamiks of neuronwork influenced by microwaves. pp. 60--65
Summary: The models of microwave action on neuron and neuronetwork are presented. One of the possible directions of microwave action which is mediated by Ca2+ intracellular processes through NMDA-receptor leading to increased neuron refractor time is considered.
Modelling of the dynamics of neuronetwork potentials enables one to obtain qualitatively coordinated variations in the electroencephalographic potential as epileptiform brain activity which is observed in experiment animals influenced by aminazine and microwaves.
VIROLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
Lyakh Yu. G.
Development of vaccine against pulmonary pasteurellosis in pigs and study of its effectiveness. pp. 66--69
Summary: Problems of prevalence of pasteurellosis in pigs in the Republic of Belarus are considered. The results of production of vaccine against pulmonary pasteurellosis in pigs are given. The most immunogenic epizootic strains of Pasteurella, types A and D, were used for vaccine development. The intramuscular injection of the preparation one time in the dose of 2 cm3 permits to decrease pasteurellosis morbidity in pigs by 84--93%.
PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
Kuzmitsky B. B., Golubeva M. B., Konoplya N. A., Lyubin G. S., Katok Ya. M., Koroleva E. V.
Low-molecular weight immunomodulator of 11-desoxy-PGa series with pyridilic fragment in w-chain. pp. 70--74
Summary: Methyl ether of 9a,15-dihydroxy-13-oxo-15-(pyridil-2')-16,17,18,19,20-pentanorprostanic acid was shown to increase the amount of antibody-forming cells in the spleen and hemagglutinin titers in the blood serum of CBA mice immunized with sheep red blood cell. When administered orally at doses of 2.5 to 10.0 mkg/kg, the compound made it possible to restore the primary immune response parameters in the animals suffering from immunosuppression induced by g-irradiation (2.0 Gr) and cyclophosphamide (Cph) (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally once a day for three days).
The compound was capable of stimulating the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction used for estimating the T-cellular immunity in F1(DBAxC57B1/6) hybrid mice. The enhancing effect of the prostanoid was evident not only in normal but also in immunodeficient animals exposed to g-irradiation or Cph.
Reutov V. P., Sorokina E. G., Pinelis V. G., Samosudova N. V., Larionova N. P., Filippova N. N., Kositsyn N. S.
Nerve cells resistance to toxic doses of sodium nitrite in warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals. pp. 75--77
Summary: In this work, we applied a model using NO generating compound, sodium nitrite (NaNO2), for generation of nitric oxide in a wide range of concentrations (10-6 to 5 •10-3 M) in the rat and frog brain. Such wide-ranging concentrations of nitric oxide can be observed in case of activation of inducible NO-synthases, toxic influence of nitrates and nitrites, and disturbance of cyclic organization of metabolic processes related to nitric oxide hyperproduction. A main goal of this work is evaluation of nerve cells resistance to NO generating compound action in warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals and analysis of outcomes of these experiments.
BIOCHEMISTRY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Kondakova I. V., Zagrebelnaya G. V., Reutov V. P.
Influence of peroxide radicals and nitric oxide on malignant cells and their proliferative activity. pp. 78--82
Summary: Influence of peroxide radicals, NO generating compounds, and their combination on DNA synthesis in Ehrlich's carcinoma malignant cells is studied. It is shown that substances which generate hydroperoxides in high concentrations (10-3 to 10-2 M) have cytotoxic influence that can cause inhibition of DNA synthesis. When the concentration of these substances is lower (10-5 to 10-9 M), there is a decrease in cytotoxic action turning into stimulation of malignant cells proliferation. It is found out that NO generating compounds can activate DNA synthesis when the concentrations are physiologic or similar to physiologic, and an increase in the NO generating compounds concentration to toxic level (10-4 to 10-3 M) considerably inhibits this process. Therefore, influence of peroxide radicals and nitric oxide on malignant cells proliferative activity greatly depends on their concentration.
Sorokina S. E.
Hormone-producing malfunction of fetoplacental complex in women. pp. 83--88
Summary: We studied estradiol, estriol, progesterone, placental lactogen, kortizol, prolactin concentrations in the blood in patients with non-complicated pregnancy in different gestation periods. A decrease in levels of there hormones was registered 24--28 after the gestation. This decrease in fetoplacental hormonal concentrations at the 3-d trimester of pregnancy is a sign of fetoplacental insufficiency. We also studied the morphological status of placentas after delivery. The structural signs of placental insufficiency were revealed in 80±2.8% placentas. We revealed the strain of stress-realization system and tendency of its exhaustion.
These facts illustrate compensated placental insufficiency in majority of pregnant women in Belarus and demand preventive work for this pathology.
SURVEYS
Titov L. P.
Antigenic homeostasis and autoimmune diseases. pp. 89--103
Summary: Autoimmunity occurs when the normal immune discrimination between self and nonself is altered and an individual begins to respond to his or her own tissues, cellular constituents, or proteins. A general hypothesis to describe the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has emerged, in which an unknown environmental trigger is throught to generate abnormal immune responses against self components in genetically susceptible. There are systemic autoimmune diseases, like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in which many self-antigens sre subject to autoimmune tissues damage. There are also organ-specific autoimmune diseases in which autoreactivity and tissues damage are limited to a single organ. Most autoimmune diseases appear to have multiple susceptibility genes. Genetic studies of autoimmune disease have begun and have leaded to the identification of chromosomal regions that harbor susceptibility genes. In the past 10 years, there has been a great interest in analyzing the mechanisms of immunological tolerance in nature peripheral lymphocytes and importance of these mechanisms in preventing autoimmunity. In addition to cell death, T-cell anergy (functional inactivation without deletion) may result in peripheral immune tolerance. A widely held view is that anergy results from T or В recognition of antigen in the absence of signal provided be costimulation. Studies of environmental factors have focused on the concept that microbial exposure may initiate some aspects of autoimmune disease. Microbes and other environmental agents elicit autoimmune disease be a variety of mechanisms. Molecular mimicry between microbial and self antigens induces autoimmune disease. One major recent observation is that the ratio of Thi -- to Th2 type cells may be critical in pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. It is important to
understand mechanisms of target organ injury in autoimmune disease better. Animal models can be used to test new therapeutic strategies. Induction of oral tolerance is one novel therapy.
Cytokine-based therapy and monoclonal antibodies application are very important for successful treatment of autoimmune diseases. Intravenous immunoglobulin appears to help in case of some autoimmune diseases, but mechanisms of immune modulation are not known.
Podlubnaya Z. A., Malyshev S. L., Udaltsov S. N., Vikhlyantsev I. M.
Myosin, titin, and C-protein in skeletal and cardiac muscles during hibernation: the velation with cardyopathies. pp. 104--112
Summary: This survey is devoted to the contribution of myosin, titin, and C-protein to adaptive changes of contractile apparatus of skeletal and cardiac muscles of ground squirrel Citellus undulatus during hibernation. Physiological relevance of the observed changes in isoform composition of the above proteins to inhibition of muscle contractile activity is discussed in connection with observation of similar changes in some cardiomyopathies.
Ioskevich N. N., Moiseenok A. G.
Reperfusion and reoxygenatin syndrome in case of lower extremities ishemia. pp. 113--121
Summary: This survey presents an up-to-date concept of the reperfusion and reoxigenation syndrome developing in lower extremities after surgery of the main arteries. The multifactor pathogenesis of the syndrome is emphasized and attention is paid to the need of further studies on the nature of the factors responsible for its occurrence as well as searh for possible methods of prolongation of the period of viability of ischemized tissues, i.e. the so-called ischemic time window without their reperfusion and reoxygenation injury hazard, development technologies of treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of postischemic reperfusion and reoxygenation.
CHRONICLE
Valery Nikolaevich Gourine (On his 65th anniversary). pp. 122--124
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/ Выданні акадэміі / Навуковыя часопісы / Да пачатку старонкі
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Created with assistance of Dr. Ignatii I. Korsak
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