Весці Нац. акадэміі навук Беларусі, Сер. мед.-біял. навук, 2003, No.2

Весці Нац. акадэміі навук Беларусі, Сер. мед.-біял. навук, 2003, No.2

Весці Нацыянальнай акадэміі навук Беларусі
СЕРЫЯ МЕДЫКА-БІЯЛАГІЧНЫХ НАВУК
Выдавец Беларуская навука, Мінск, Рэспубліка Беларусь

Number 2, 2003

ЗМЕСТ

PHYSIOLOGY AND GENERAL PATHOLOGY

Pertsov S. S., Malinovskaya N. K., Wetterberg L., Friberg I., Voznesenskaya L. A., Rapoport S. I., Komarov F. I., Sudakov K. V.
Water-immersion emotional stress affects plasma melatonin level in rats veceiving exogenous melatonin. pp. 5--9

Summary: Plasma and pineal melatonin levels are known to change after various stress procedures. Here we measured plasma melatonin concentration in rats subjected to water-immersion emotional stress (ES) and injected with exogenous melatonin. Experiments were performed on male Wistar rats. Melatonin (0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg) or physiological saline (PS) was administered intraperitoneally to stressed and nonstressed rats. ES increased plasma melatonin concentration in rats injected with PS 1 h before or after the stress procedure. In rats receiving PS immediately before the stress procedure, ES did not affect plasma melatonin level. Plasma melatonin concentrations in nonstressed and stressed rats receiving exogenous melatonin were higher than in rats injected with PS. However, ES decreased plasma melatonin concentration in rats receiving melatonin immediately before the stress procedure. Plasma melatonin concentration was also lower in stressed rats injected with 1.0 mg/kg melatonin I h before the stress procedure (compared to nonstressed animals). However, in rats receiving 1.0 mg/kg melatonin after the stress procedure, plasma melatonin concentration was higher than in nonstressed animals. These data suggest that in rats injected with melatonin immediately before the stress procedure, it is exactly the exogenous (not endogenous) melatonin that is consumed during ES.

Janke O., Tzschentke B., Nichelmann M.
Influence of actual high ambient temperatures on heat production in precocial bird embryos: is there a second chemical thermoregulation? pp. 10--12

Summary: The aim of this paper is to look for a second chemical thermoregulation in embryos of precocial birds.

Naumovic N., Filipovic D., Barak O., Lazetic B., Ivetic V., Boskovic K.
EEG characteristics of persons with headache after frequent mobile telephone usage. pp. 13--16

Summary: In magnetobiological researches in last few years, the attention is paid to the effects of the mobile telephone usage on the organism, especially humans. In our neurophysiological laboratory, we often have persons with headache, in whose anamnesis frequent mobile phone usage for professional purposes presents on an everyday basis. Omnidirectional antennas obviously radiate so that sometimes more than 50% of the magnetic power of the telephone is realized on the user's head. We selected persons whose headaches could not be related to any known etiology and who used mobile phones for professional purposes (frequent and long duration calls). During registration of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, characteristic bioelectrical changes were found. A generalized desynchronization could be observed with lowered reactivity to photo stimulation. Hyperventilation did not lead to any notable changes. In these persons, we also found sleeping disorders and increased irritability in behavior. The registered changes were dependent on the duration of exposure to electromagnetic (EM) field and also had physical characteristics of EM field, such as frequency, intensity etc. It is known that the mobile telephones operate at 900-1800 MHz and the spectrum of a realistic device may be several hundreds of GHz wide, particularly in the digital mobile telephone system. Possible explanation, according lo results obtained on experimental animals in our laboratory, is that those effects are result of pericellular, perivascular, and perifascicular edema provoked by electromagnetic radiation. Those changes probably increased by dilatation of blood vessels, changes in blood vessel wall structure, and stasis of the red blood cells. Sometimes some destructive changes were also found in some cortical and subcortical structures of the brain. All findings point to the importance of investigations of the effects and possible consequences of mobile telephones to different organic systems.

Bulhak A. A., Gourine A. V.
The experimental evidence for an existance of the irreversible myocardial reperfusion injury. pp. 17--23

Summary: Despite that myocardial reperfusion is mandatory for reducing the ultimate damage, restoration of arterial blood flow per se will increase irreversible reperfusion injury with manifestation of increasing infaret size. The involvement of different pathophysiological pathways has been proposed including e. g. cytosolic calcium overloading, increases activity of sympathetic and renin-angiotensin system formation of free radicals. Calcium antagonist verapamil decreased infaret size in open coronary artery ligation rat model if it was given i. v. during the last 5 min of 40 min ischemia and the first 5 min of reperfusion. Free radicals scavenders, b-adrenergic receptors blocker, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor did not modify the extension of myocardial infaret size. These results indicate that cytosolic calcium overloading plays an important role in the development of irreversible myocardial reperfusion injury.

Zhukova I. A., Amvrosiev A. P.
Estimation of state of components of microcirculation testes of 20-days old rat fetuses after the irradiation on the stage of active of organogenesis. pp. 24--27

Summary: The influence of single external irradiation on the stage of active of organogenesis (15-th day) in doses 0.5 and 2.0 Gy on the endothelium of blood capillars of testes of 20-days old rat fetuses was studied. It was determined, that the single irradiation in relatively low-doses on the stage of active of organogenesis causes change of morphofunctional parameters of endothelium cells of blood capillars of developing organ, being the probable cause of sex cells fund reduction.

Sorokina S. E.
The disorders of fetoplacental unit with congenital infection: the new possibilities for pathogenesis research. pp. 28--33

Summary: We revealed the low informative value (less than 50%) of anamnestic method, USD, cardiotocography, dopplerometry, amnioscopy for diagnostic of congenital infection. The good results of anamnestic method, morphological study of placenta, USD, cardiotocography, dopplerometry, amnioscopy and Apgar 7/8 balls or more are not garanted the absence of congenital infection. The perspective direction is study of general mechanisms of placental-amniotic and fetal reaction again realization of congenital infections. The perspective direction is study of general mechanisms of pregnant women's, placental-amniotic and fetal reaction again realization of congenital infections.

NEUROMORPHOLOGY AND NEUROCHEMISTRY

Shvalev V. N., Kargina-Terentieva R. A.
Study of innervation connection of the adrenals in age aspect and in presence of some cardiological diseases. pp. 34--39

Summary: Our attention was focused on analysis of 28 cases of early medico-legal autopsy of three groups of males aged 28 to 60 years old. Group one (control group) -- analysis of adrenal innervation of individuals killed in the accidents. Group two - individuals with ischemic heart disease who died as a result of sudden cardiac death. Group three - individuals who died as a result of sudden cardiac death along with essential hypertension. The studies showed changes in the adrenal glands in these individuals.

Nikandrov V. N., Pyatin V. F., Alexeyeva A. S., Miroshnichenko I. V., Yakunina O. V., Novoselova A. M., Garkun Yu. S., Murashko O. N., Kulchitsky V. A.
Modulation of the central respiratory activity by plasminogen, streptokynase and their complexes with pyruvatkynase. pp. 40--43

Summary: During electrophysiological researches in brainstem-spinal cord preparations of newborn rats change inspiratory volleys and respiratory electric activity in ventral roots a cervical part of a spinal cord is revealed at perfusion of preparations with solutions containing plasminogen, streptokynase, pyruvatkynase or complexes pyruvatkynase with these proteins. Plasminogen application on a brainstem surface there may come irreversible blockade of inspiratory activity. It is shown, that after addition pyruvatkynase to a solution containing plasminogen, and the subsequent perfusion of brainstem-spinal cord preparations with artificial cerebrospinal liquid, inspiratory activity is restored. The assumption that the received experimental facts will help to prove tactics directed on prevention of irreversible infringements of respiratory function at application these proteins at various diseases is stated.

BIOCHEMISTRY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY

Pertsov S. S., Koplik E. V., Krause W., Michael N., Oehme P., Sudakov K. V.
Catecholamine content in the adrenal glands of August and Wistar rats after acute emotional stress. pp. 44--48

Summary: This was designed to evaluate the effects of acute emotional stress on the content of calecholamines epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the adrenal glands of August and Wistar rats with different resistance to stress. To produce stress, the animals were subjected to 1-h immobilization in individual plastic tubes and simultaneous electrocutaneous stimulation with threshold alternating current. After emotional stress, the relative weight of the adrenal glands increased in Wistar rats, but decreased in August rats. In August rats, the content of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the adrenal glands was higher than in Wistar rats. These differences were observed in control and stressed animals. Emotional stress decreased the content of epinephrine and norepinephrine, but increased the concentration of dopamine in the adrenal glands of animals. The degree of changes in catecholamine content in the adrenal glands was different in August and Wistar rats. Moreover, the content of catecholamines in the right and left adrenal glands of animals underwent various changes after stress. Our results indicate that different content of catecholamines in the left and right adrenal glands of control and stressed rats reflects functional asymmetry of secretory activity in the adrenal glands. Also, processes of secretion, release, and resynthesis of catecholamines during acute emotional stress differ in animals with various resistance to stress.

Konoplya E. F., Banetskaya N. V., Sechko L. K., Pavlenko V. S., Popov E. G.
Effects of irradiation and adrenal cortex disfunction upon ovarial-hormonal status of mature female rats. pp. 49--53

Summary: It was shown that development of glucocorticoid disfunction in mature rats (made by series of 10 mg/kg body wt subcutaneous corticosterone injections, during I month) essentially increased radiosensitivity of female reproductive organs. Additionally in the experimental conditions after external g-irradiation (1.0 Gy) development of atrophic processes in follicular apparatus of ovary caused severe ovarial disorders (polycystosis, fibrosis). Simultaneously degree of hormonal misregulations and upsets for systems of hormone reception in female sex tissues is aggravating.

Nikandrov V. N., Petrusenko G. P., Gronskaya R. I., Tumilovich M. K.
Changes in the intensity of ATP- and Ca2+-dependent proteolysis in pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, induced by plasminogen and nerve growth factor. pp. 54--58

Summary: The activity of ATP- and Ca²⁺-dependent proteases was studied in pheochromocytoma PC12 cells after their cultivation with plasminogen (Pg) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in different concentrations or with combination of Pg + NGF. It was found that a short-term exposure of pheochromocytoma PC 12 cells to Pg and NGF induced noticeable changes of proteolysis. These changes have complex character, in the dependence on Pg and NGF concentrations and combinations. In fact, presented data firstly illustrate the metabolic effect of Pg at cells. It mechanism is unclear until, and this phenomen nature is complex task for study in perspective.

Sorokina E. G., Reutov V. P., Vinskaya N. P., Storozhevykh T. P., Pinelis V. G.
Partial inhibition of mitochondria's cytochrome oxidase protects cerebellar neurons from damage from toxic glutamate and nitrite. pp. 59--63

Summary: The lowering of toxic forms of free radicals in cells is the important for treatment of many brain diseases such as stroke, disease of Parkinson, epilepsy and others. In this work the viability and ATP level of neurones were investigated in primary culture of cerebellar neurons after toxic action of glutamate (Glu, 1000 µM), nitrite (NaNO₂, 100 µM) and inhibitor of cytochrome oxidase cyanid (NaCN, 0.3 mM). We showed that 10--30 min treatment of cultures with these toxic agents significantly increased percentage of dead neurones after 24h. However, the combined action of Glu or NaNO₂ with NaCN decreased the number of dead neurones and enhanced viability of cells in culture. The postponed viability of neurones was not directly connected with level of ATP, measured just after ending of treatment with Glu, NaNO₂ or NaCN. The obtained results suggest, that short-term inhibition of complex IV of respiratory chain may be a favourable moment during hypoxia when high concentrations of Glu and nitrites in cells exist.

Semak I. V., Korik E. O., Naumova M. V., Slominski A.
Analysis of metabolism of serotonin in skin of siryan hamster using reverse phase chromatography and mass-spectrometry. pp. 64--68

Summary: Metabolic conversions of serotonin in skin of Sirian hamsters were studied. Using reverse phase chromatography and mass-spectrometry it was shown that serotonin can be subjected to reactions of acetylation and oxidative dezamination in skin, which are catalyzed by arylalkylamin N-acetyltransferase and monoaminooxidase, respectively.

PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY

Zavodnik L. B., Zavodnik I. В., Martynchik D. I., Belonovskaya E. B., Kravchuk R. I., Basinskii V. G., Tarasov Yu. A., Zverinskii I. B., Buko V. U.
Protective effect of melatonin against ССl₄ - induced oxidative damage in the liver of rats. pp. 69--74

Summary: Melatonin is mainly secreted by the pineal gland into the blood circulation in most species studied. Protective effect of melatonin on carbon tetrachloride- induced acute liver injury in rats was investigated. CCl₄ was intragastrically administered to mail Wistar rats (4 g/kg body weigth [BW]) at 20 h before decapitation. Melatonin (15 mg/kg BW) was intraperitoneally administered at 30 min before and at 2 and 4 h after CCl₄ injection. Rats injected with CCl₄ alone showed significant lipid and hydropic dystrophy of liver, large necrosis of hepatocytes, marked increase in free and conjugated bilirubin levels in serum. Melatonin administered at therapeutic doses diminished toxic effect of CCl₄, decreasing structural and functional injury of hepatocytes in rat, and therefore, exerted hepatoprotective effect.

VIROLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

Gromov I. N., Prudnikov V. S.
The immunomorphogenesis in hens, vaccinated against infectious bronchitis. pp. 75--79

Summary: Subject under investigation were hen youngsters 130--144 days old. The immunomorphogenesis in hen youngsters parenteral immunized by liquid inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine against infectious bronchitis have been investigated. The outcomes of researches have shown, that application of this vaccine for parenteral immunisation of hen youngsters against infectious bronchitis induced expressed immunomorphological processes in thymus, bursa Fabricius, spleen, caecal tonsils and blood. The immunisative of this vaccine increases the level of specific serum antibodies, contribuses to development of higher, active immunity against infectious bronchitis.

Slizen V., Titov L. P., Brazier J. S., Gal M.
Investigation of resistance to metronidazole in bacteroides isolated from patients with perirectal abscesses. pp. 80--85

Summary: Within the last decade anaerobes has demonstrated an increase in resistance levels (from 1% to 7--14) to metronidazole used as the antimicrobial agent of choice in therapy of anaerobe infections. The genetic resistance to the nitroimidazoles is controlled by nim A, nim B, nim C, nim D, nim E genes which are silent and not effectively expressed in majority of nim-positive anaerobe isolates. RFLP analysis enables to detect nim gene carriage controversially to discs diffusion method which allow detection nitroimidazole resistant phenotype. 40 cultures of gram-negative anaerobes isolated from perirectal abscesses were screened for nim gene presence. None of the isolates was nim-positive or expressed resistance to nitroimidazole (tested with 5 µg metronidazole discs). The data supports the concept of low rates of phenotipic resistance to nitroimidazole as well as low levels of nim gene carriage. Nim gene carriage and the regulatory role of IS elements in expression of nim gene require further investigations.

BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES

Starodubtseva M. N., Cherenkevich S. N.
The mechanisms of reactions between hemoglobin and peroxynitrite in the solution. pp. 86--90

Summary: On the base of analysis of modern literature and own data the conclusions about that there are two principal distinctive types of reactions between hemoglobin and peroxynitrite: with heme and amino acid residues (tyrosine and cysteine) were made. It was established that these types of reactions are coupled. NO₂ radical formed as a result of reaction between peroxynitrite and heme reacts then with amino acids of globin. pH of the solution and the CO₂ concentration are the parameters determined a way of globin amino acids modification by peroxynitrite. Besides hemoglobin can promole peroxynitrite formation at the certain conditions in living systems catalyzing either the reaction between nitrogen monoxide and superoxide anion or the reaction between nitrites and hydrogen peroxide.

Sidorenko A. V., Tsaryuk V. V.
Analysis of bioelectric brain activity by nonlinear dynamics methods uinder narcosis remedies. pp. 91--96

Summary: It has been demonstrated the results of processing and analyzing of bioelectric brain activity by nonlinear dynamics method in experiment. It has been characterized the dynamics of bioelectric processes to the narcosis remedies as uretanum. eiher, medinal by numerical characteristics.

Loiko E. N., Samal A. B., Shulyakovskaya S. M.
Reversible inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by hydrogen peroxide. pp. 97--100

Summary: In the present study the influence H₂O₂ on platelet aggregation, change of intracellular concentration of cGMP and Ca²⁺ ions is investigated. Is shown, that depending on incubation time H₂O₂ inhibited platelet aggregation, increased the concentration cGMP and blocked Ca²⁺-answer caused by ADP. The observed effects of H₂O₂ was reversible and platelets through 15 minutes restored aggregation activity and Ca²⁺-answer.

SURVEYS

Gourine A. V., Shvalev V. N., Gourine V. N.
Apoptosis in the heart: the problem of resistance. pp. 101--106

Summary: This review analyzes results of experimental studies on animals and clinical observations conducted using different methods of study of apoptosis development.

Sidorenko G. I.
Heart failure -- disease of syndrome? pp. 107--112

Summary: The author suggests a definition for the heart failure with relation to cardiological clinical pictures and pathophysiology. The definition is based on dynamic evaluation of hemodynamic indices during exercise stress and the limit stress value when excess stress values cause decorrelation. This definition provides qualitative assessment of the blood circulatory system tolerance in healthy individuals, patients, and sportsmen.

Balashko S. I., Kolyadko A. N., Lukashevich V. S., Polukoshko E. F., Nikandrov V. N., Ostrovsky Yu. P.
Cell technologies in cardiology. pp. 113--121

Summary: The treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) is leading problem of the Health Care in our time. The principal achievement of two recent decades: not only to treat symptoms of decompensation but also to try to decelerate progression of the disease. All current methods of therapy for CHF, which are aimed just at improving the prognosis of disease, can be subdivided into several principal groups: 1) blockade of cardiomyocyte death; 2) improvement of the heart pump function; 3) decrease of heart remodeling; and 4) increase in the volume of viable myocardium. The article has been showing modern points of view on each of the above-mentioned fields.

Samoilovich E. O.
Vaccination withdrawal problems after poliomyelitis elimination. pp. 122--129

Summary: In the nearest future poliomyelitis may be the second (after smallpox) infection, which can be eradicated by vaccination. The aim of the global polio eradication program is not only to interrupt of wild poliovirus (PV) transmission, but finally to stop vaccination against poliomyelitis. Several possible scenarios for stopping vaccination are discussed, the major advantages and disadvantages of each of them are considered. Global cessation of vaccination with oral poliovirus vaccine following inactivated poliovirus vaccine immunization is supposed to be the most acceptable tactics for stopping vaccination against poliomyelitis. And only after receiving the reliable data about stopping circulation of not only wild PV but also vaccine-derived PV, immunization against poliomyelitis may be ceased.

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Created with assistance of Dr. Ignatii I. Korsak
Copyright © 2003 The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
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