Введение. pp. 5--6
Gourine V. N.
Functioning of autonomous centers in case of heat exchange disturbances. pp. 7--13
Summary: Ability of the autonomous centers to remain active under hypothermia, hyperthermia, and fever based on data on morphological and functional changes in the centers of the brainstem and vegetative ganglia and activity of nerve and humoral effector mechanisms is considered. Data on spare capabilities of the autonomous centers of the brainstem in case of heat exchange disturbances are given. Analysis of literary date and data of our own studies confirms that the autonomous centers are still able to mobilize their reserves within a wide range of body temperatures (10°C and more).
Gourine A. V., Spaier K. M.
Role of disinhibition in mechanisms of increase in activity of the brainstem inspiratory neurons during hypercapnia. pp. 14--16
Summary: In this paper, the evidence indicating that GABAA-receptors play an important role in central CO2 chemoreception and are involved in mediation of ventilatory response to hypercapnia has been reviewed and discussed. Similarities in the effects of GABAA-receptor blockade (application of bicuculline) and hypercapnia on the activity of the brainstem inspiratory neurones as well as the lack of bicuculline effect on their discharge during hypercapnia support the hypothesis that during hypercapnia, activation of these neurones may involve a withdrawal in part of a tonic GABAA-receptor-mediated inhibition. This disinhibition may play an important role in the hypercapnia-induced increase in ventilatory activity. These data also indicate that modifications of GABA-inhibitory inputs are essential features of the chemosensory control of respiratory activity.
Grigoriev A. I., Larina I. M., Sukhanov Yu. V., Ivanov V. M., Smirnova T. M.
Changes in biological rhythms of steroidogenesis activity in the human adrenals during continuous antiorthostatic hypokinesia. pp. 17--23
Summary: Synthesis of steroid hormones having many-sided regulatory influence on the human body and thus determining its adaptive potential occurs in adrenals and sexual glands. Basic end products of the biosynthesis (cortisol, sex steroids, aldosterone) are used to adapt body metabolism to changeable environment. Physiological changes ensuring adaptation and efficiency of the human body under influence of various negative environmental factors are also realized through modification of biorhythmological organization of regulatory systems.
Dvoretsky D. P., Ryzhikova O. P., Shuvaeva V. N.
Heterogeneity of the pial vessel reactions to the blood volume change in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. pp. 24--28
Summary: In acute experiments on rats (WKY and SHR) the pial arteries responses to withdraw from circulation and following reinfusion about 40% of the circulating blood volume were studied. TV-microscopy method for the measurement of vessel diametrs has been used. Considerable heterogeneity of the pial arteries reactions related to the consecutive order of vessel generations (bifurcations) were obcerved. The possible mechanisms of the vascular responses mentioned above in WKY as well as SHR are discussed.
Ignatov Yu. D., Zaitsev A. A., Karpov O. I.
Approaches to antibiotics therapy of severe nosocomial infections. pp. 29--33
Summary: This review is a critical analysis of modern ideas of the most effective antibacterial preparations taking into account resistance of actual nosocomial pathogens and their actual sensitivity to antibiotics nowadays. Pluses and minuses of combined antibacterial therapy and antibacterial monotherapy are discussed. Key importance of carbapenem antibiotics as preparations selected for initial empirical treatment of severe nosocomial infections is postulated.
Kostyuk P., Potapenko E., Siryk I.
Acid-base equilibrium and nerve cell function. pp. 34--39
Summary: Changes in the acid-base equilibrium occurring in the body both under physiological and pathological conditions are a potent factor which influences the signal function of central and peripheral nerve cells. Changes in this function are complex and determined by interaction of a variety of intracellular systems; accordingly, the resultant changes in the activity of
neuronal systems may be different in character. A further detailed investigation of such changes is essential for developing methods of elimination of neuropathic disorders in different pathological processes.
Korotkov A., Kataeva G., Pakhomov S., Stikhina N., Lyskov E., Bekhtereva N., Medvedev S.
The neural substrate of dysthymic disorder studied with H215O positron emission tomography. pp. 40--44
Summary: Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to investigate the functional neuroanatomy of dysthymic disorder (DD). 16 patients suffering from dysthymic disorder and 20 healthy volunteers were studied in resting state with H215O PET. Relative estimation of rCBF (normalized on a global CBF mean value) was used to examine the topography of regional brain activity. The linear discriminant analysis of rCBF values in anatomically meaningful regions of interest was applied. The patients had a lower activity in the frontal cortex of the left (Brodman area (BA) 9) and right (BA 6,8) hemispheres and the right inferior parietal associative cortex (BA 40) and a higher activity in the right occipital cortex (BA 17,18) and amygdala.
This study identified regions of the brain -- not only cortical areas but also subcortical structure (amygdala) that are involved in the biological base of DD and thus provide further support of the hypothesis that biological bases for DD and a major depression (MD) are similar.
Kazakov V. N.
Integrative activity of the neuron preoptic region of the hypothalamus. pp. 45--50
Summary: The review summarizes both the literary data and the results of own investigations devoted to the study of the bonds, structurofunctional and neuron organization of the preoptic region of the hypothalamus. The peculiarities of the bonds of the prefrontal, cingulate, piriform cortex and the hippocamp with the hypothalamus are described. The gradient of inhibition on the preoptic region neurons under stimulating philogenetically different archipaleocortical structures is described. Our classification of the preoptic region neurons is given based an the morphofunctional peculiarities of these structures, a concept of two types of interaction between the preoptic region neurons and the cortex.
Kulchitsky V. A., Ulashchik V. S., Tchitchkan D. N.
Basic principles of effects of electromagnetic waves of various frequency ranges on development of systemic inflammatory process. pp. 51--56
Summary: In experiments on nonanesthetized rats, mechanisms of modulating influence of electromagnetic waves of various frequency ranges on dynamics of hyperthermic processes and pain sensitivity were studied at an experimental fever. It is determined that the effects of electromagnetic waves having doubtless therapeutic value are defined by time of influence, expressiveness of endotoxemia, parameters of physical factors, to initial functional conditions of an animal.
Medvedev S. V., Bekhtereva N. P., Johansson H., Kataeva G. V., Korotkov A. D., Lyskov E. B., Lyubisavlevich M., Pakhomov S. V., Radovanovich S., Roudas M., Thunberg J.
Positron emission tomography study of perception of muscle pain and proprioception during passive movement. pp. 57--61
Summary: The aim of the current research was to detect brain areas maintaining both perception of muscle pain and propriocep-tive functions. Statistical analysis was performed to summarize data from two series of positron emission tomography (PET) functional anatomical studies -- study of 5% hypertonic saline induced muscle pain and study of proprioceptive input during passive movement.
Results obtained allowed to conclude that area located in parasilvian cortex and comprised of secondary somatosensory area, insula as well as primary and associative auditory cortex, participate in maintenance of both muscle pain and proprioception during passive movement.
Matyukhin V. A., Razumov V. N., Gourine V. N.
Dose exposures from natural radionuclides and some tasks on study of their influence on human health. pp. 62--66
Summary: The paper describes features of dose exposures of people from natural radionuclides in different ecological situations (normal, increased and decreased radiation background), some methodological aspects of health assessment in relation to radiation in conditions of natural radiation background and gradation of natural sources of ionizing radiation (dose-effect-health relationship).
Natochin Yu. V.
Interaction of vasopressin and autacoids in control of functions of osmoregulating epithelium cells. pp. 67--71
Summary: Control of functions of the kidney and osmoregulating organs includes participation of hormones and autacoids. Osmotic water permeability of the osmoregulating epithelium is increased by neurohypophysis nanopeptides, while decreased, by autacoids, specifically prostaglandins. As a result, a function is provided which is adequate to the organism needs and provides adaptation of the body to the current conditions of the environment and optimal response to the external stimulus.
Nozdrachev A. D., Filippova L. V.
Generation of nitric oxide in the small intestine of rats under influence of egg albumin, lipopolysaccaride, and interleukin-lb. pp. 72--74
Summary: In experiments on Sprague--Dawley rats in different time periods (from several minutes to two weeks) after systemic application of 1 mg egg albumin, or Freund's complete adjuvant, or 75 mkg endotoxin Escherichia соli, or 20 ng interleukin-1b, the level of antibodies and concentration of nitrites in blood and the NADPH-diaphorase activity in small intestine tissues were determined. It was concluded that activation of immune processes induced by sensitization by egg albumin, endotoxin or directly by proinflammatory cytokine led to an increased generation of nitric oxide in tissues of the small intestine.
Nikandrov V. N., Pyzhova N. S.
Regulatory proteins: functional properties of molecules and mechanisms of their biological action. pp. 75--89
Summary: The study of a number of proteins with regulatory effects (streptokinase, streptolysin O, diphtheria toxin, interleukin-1, plasminogen, nerve growth factor and its subunits, proteinase inhibitors: soybean trypsin inhibitor, ovomucoid, ovoinhibitor) demonstrated some new features, such as plasminogen-activating, proteolytic, endonuclease, oxygen-radical-generating and superoxide-converging abilities. The features of these proteins were exerted to a different extent. The study results are generalized, a possible significance of demonstrated features for realization of proteins' biological action is discussed.
Petrova E. S., Otellin V. A.
Formation of NADPH-diaphorase-positive nerve cells of the spinal cord in embriogenesis in situ and in conditions of heterotopical neurotransplantation. pp. 90--92
Summary: In experiments on rats of both sexes and different age, the dynamics of development of NADPH-diaphorase-positive nerve cells in conditions of heterotopic neurotransplantation were studied, and the role of nitric oxide in the adaptation of transplanted neurons long after neurotransplantation was specified. It was found that in conditions of heterotopic neurotransplantation, the grafted spinal cells showed the ability to synthesize NADPH-diaphorase. Histochemical investigation of long-lived transplants demonstrated the protective role of NADPH-diaphorase in neurons developing in conditions of changed microenvironment and inadequate innervation. It is suggested that nitric oxide is involved in mechanisms of degeneration of neurons not containing NO-synthase long after the transplantation operation.
Podlubnaya Z. A., Malyshev S. L., Udaltsov S. N., Vikhlyantsev I. M.
Myosin, titin and C-protein of skeletal and cardiac muscles during hibernation. pp. 93--100
Summary: The aim of this review was to describe the behavior of myofibrillar proteins of skeletal and cardiac muscles upon hibernation with particular relevance to cardiomyopathies. The data are considered on the changes in isoform composition and functional properties of myosin, titin, C-proteins of ground squirrels upon hibernation in comparison with their changes in human cardiomyopathies.
Polenov S. A., Zolotarev V. A., Lensman M. V., Wai E. T., Dvoretskii D. P., Gourine V. N.
Effects of selective corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonists on anxiety-like behavior and learning in rats. pp. 101--107
Summary: Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) a major integrator of anxiety-like behavior mediates its effect via two subtypes of brain receptors. The aim of the present study was to find out CRH receptors specificity in mediation of anxiety-like behaviour and modulation of acquisition of learning utilizing novel synthetic CRH-Rl agonist D-Glu20-CRH, CRH-R2 agonist D-Pro5-CRH, and CRH-Rl selective antagonists CP--154,526 and nonselective antagonist a-hel-CRH9-41.
Experiments were performed on Sprague-Dawley rats with cannula implanted into the left lateral cerebral ventricle. Behavioral responses were assessed in the elevated plus-maze test and in two-way active avoidance task (the shuttle-box). Rats acutely pretreated with D-Pro5-CRH and D-Glu20-CRH (1 µg/rat, i. c. v.) spent significantly less time on the open arms of the elevated plus-maze and made fewer entries into the arms. Both studied agonists of CRH suppressed discriminative avoidance responses in the first training session in the shuttle-box. Antagonist CP--154,216 could selectively suppress anxiety-like response to novel CRH-Rl agonist D-Glu20-CRH, but was ineffective to change effect of CRH-R2 agonist. In the second training session (24 hr later) only D-Glu20-CRH was the most effective suppressor of avoidances.
Both subtypes of the brain CRH receptors mediate anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus-maze. In the two-way active avoidance task central CRH-Rl receptors are involved in suppression of acquisition of learning.
Sudakov K. V.
Oligopeptides in central inhibition mechanisms. pp. 108--121
Summary: Data presented in this paper confirm inhibitory action of some oligopeptides on Leading set of Behavioral reactions — dominating motivation. The inhibitory effects of oligopeptides are observed both in behavioral reactions and reactions of separate neurons of the brain to stimulation of motivation gene centers.
Semenenya I. N.
Modern state and prospects of development of fundamental and applied researches on sub-febrility problem. pp. 122--128
Summary: This paper summarizes data on results of fundamental researches conducted on first developed experimental models of subfebrility of peripheral and central origin. Prospects of development of this problem are shown based on integration of fundamental and applied researches.
Soltanov V. V., Azev O. A.
Role of interoceptive signals in modulation of activity of vestibular neurons in anesthetized rats. pp. 129--132
Summary: In acute experiments on anesthetized white rats, it was found that the firing rate of 35% of neurons of lateral and medial vestibular nuclei in the medulla spontaneously changed with 3.2 to 25 s periods. This changes occurred synchronously with variations of slow electrical activity of the stomach or small intestine.
Sagach V. F., Doloman L. B.
Role of nitric oxide in the regulation of vascular tone during hypoxia. pp. 133--134
Summary: The results of experimental studies of the concentration of nitrite and nitrate anions in plasma and erythrocytes of highlanders are discussed. It is suggested that activation of the nitric oxide system during hypoxia is one of the mechanisms of adaptation of the cardiovascular system, which provides optimal supply of tissues with oxygen and its decreased partial presuure in inspiration.
/ Выданні акадэміі / Навуковыя часопісы / Да пачатку старонкі
Designed and maintained by Dr. Nikolai N. Kostyukovich. Last updated: November 5, 2003
Created with assistance of Dr. Ignatii I. Korsak
Copyright © 2003 The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
Copyright © 2003 The Belaruskaya Navuka Publishing House
