Навіны медыка-біялагічных навук, 2005, No.1
/ Выданні акадэміі / Навуковыя часопісы
Навіны медыка-біялагічных навук, 2005, No.1
Number 1, 2005
ЗМЕСТ
PHYSIOLOGY AND GENERAL PATHOLOGY
Titovets E.P., Koshkin V.V., Parhach L.P.
Oxygen-flux control of mitochondrial respiration and energy function. pp. 5--13
Summary: A technology has been developed for modeling in vitro, on quantitative basis, oxygen-flux-controlled steady-states of mitochondria. A linear dependence of the steady-state oxidation levels of cytochrome c and cytochrome c oxidase on the respiratory efficiency was demonstrated. Reduction by oxygen flux of the rate of electron transfer in the respiratory chain brought about reversible uncoupling of the stoichiometric efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in the initially tightly coupled rat liver mitochondria. This phenomenon is explained in terms of allosteric modulation of cytochrome c oxidase by oxygen, resulting in intrinsic uncoupling at complex IV.
Soltanov V.V., Lukashenko T.M.
The bulbar neuron activity after intracolonic or intraabdominal administration of lipopolysaccharide E.coli in conditions of experimental colitis in rats. pp. 14--18
Summary: In acute experiments on thiopental sodium-anesthetized (70 mg/kg, i.p.) rats, it was found that infusion of LPS E.coli (10 µg) into the colon, performed 7-8 days after initiating experimental colitis, did not significantly affect the tonic activity of reticular formation neurons. Intraabdominally applied LPS during colitis (3-4 days) led to opposite changes in the initial activity. The absence of effects to LPS may be accounted for by disturbances in the afferent colonic-bulbar connections. The results demonstrate an important role of visceral afferent fibres in responses to prolonged adverse exposures of the intestinal mucosa.
Lukashenko P.V., Kalunov V.N.
Influence of persistent cytomegalovirus infection on human neuroblastoma cell gene expression. pp. 19--22
Summary: In the present study, we analyse the expression of several genes in a model of human neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines UKF-NB-2, UKF-NB-4, MHH-NB-11 and compare it with that in CMV-infected human neuroblastoma cell lines UKF-NB-2AD169, UKF-NB-4Hi91, UKF-NBAD169, MHH-NB-11Hi91, MHH-NB-11AD169. All these genes may contribute to the previously observed changes in malignant phenotype of persistently CMV-infected NB cells by influencing invasive growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis and proliferation.
Shishkova M.K., Semenenya I.N., Ponomarev V.V.
The content of proinflammatory cytokines in liquor and blood serum during postinfectious subfebrility in patients. pp. 23--26
Summary: Investigation of the content of cytokines, involved in thermoregulation, in liquor and blood serum of patients with postinfectious subfebrility and infectious subfebrile fever did not reveal significant differences between the parameters in the two groups. An increased level of interleukin-6 was found, which may be accounted for by the mechanisms of maintenance of postinfectious subfebrility.
Morozova I.L.
Adenosine modulates the colonic afferent activity in normal and experimental colitis rats. pp. 27--30
Summary: In acute experiments on thiopental-anesthetized rats (70 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), it was found that infusion of 1 mg adenosine into the colonic lumen in control rats increased the afferent activity of the colonic nerves. The afferent activity did not change during 60 min of recording on the 4-th day of experimental colitis and increased in the late phases (8-10 days) of the inflammatory process.
Sergeev V.A.
Responses of colonic smooth muscles to noradrenaline in conditions of experimental colitis in rats. pp. 31--34
Summary: In urethane-anesthetized rats, who received 4% acetic acid into the large intestine lumen 3-4 days before the acute experiment, application of 10-6 -- 10-5 M noradrenaline onto the colonic serosal coat or its injection into the colonic lumen mostly increased the total area of smooth muscle potentials, whereas it decreased the parameter in healthy animals.
Pozdnyak L.V.
Effect of endotoxin on viscerosomatic nociceptive reflexes after vertical motion exposure. pp. 35--37
Summary: In experiments on conscious white male rats, effect of intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide E.coli (100 µg / kg) on the viscerosomatic nociceptive reflex threshold was studied at vertical motion exposure (acceleration 0.3 g, amplitude 0.5 m, for 45 min with two 15-min intervals between exposures). A combined action of endotoxin and vertical motion exposure led to a significant decrease in the reflex threshold (by 25--35%, on the average) within the first day of observation . It is suggested that the decrease in the threshold of the viscerosomatic nociceptive reflex after vertical motion exposure is associated with changes in the bulbospinal regulation of these reflexes during endotoxemia.
Shishkova M.K.
A comparative characterization of postinfectious subfebrility and subfebrile fever. pp. 38--41
Summary: A comparative characterization of postinfections subfebrility and infectious subfebrile fever is given, based on the literature data and results of own research. Postinfectious subfebrility is shown to have not only common symptoms with subfebrile fever but also to differ from it by the functional state of the autonomic nervous system and the levels of some cytokines, hormones, and cations in liquor and blood serum. This may indicate differences in the mechanisms of realisation of both pathologies.
NEUROMORPHOLOGY AND NEUROCHEMISTRY
Archakova L.I., Gourine V.N.
The submicroscopic pattern of the neurotropic action of lipopolysaccharide in the central and peripheral autonomic nervous systems. pp. 42--50
Summary: Neurotropic effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) S. typhi on peripheral and central nuclei of the autonomic nervous system in cats and rats were studied using electron microscopy. Parenteral administration of LPS in doses 20 and 50 µg/kg to cats and rats, respectively, led to changes in the fine structure of neurons and interneuronal synapses in sympathetic ganglia, vagal nuclei in the medulla, medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus, etc. Two ways of the LPS signaling were shown, namely neurogenous and vascular through activated blood cells and capillary endothelium, with interleukin-I and prostaglandins E acting as mediators.
BIOCHEMISTRY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Moiseenok A.G., Omelyanchik S.N., Gurinovich V.A., Yevkovich I.N., Petukhova T.P.
CoA biosynthetic system under lipopolysaccharide and aluminium chloride intoxication. pp. 51--55
Summary: To study the role of the CoA biosynthetic system in the pathogenesis of aluminium toxicosis and its combination with endogenous intoxication, adult female Wistar CRL:(WI) WU BR rats were administered with AlCl3 at a dose of 190 µg/kg for 14 days, at the same time being injected with E.coli lipopolysaccharide at a dose of 400 µg/kg body weight for 24 h. The combined administration of both pathogenic factors caused a decrease in the total CoA level and the content of free CoA+short-chain acyl CoA in the liver, brain hemispheres and hippocampus. In a period of 10 to 180 min, [3H]-pantothenate was biotransformed to CoA and was enhanced under intoxication in liver tissue, whereas in brain tissue, the process occurred primarily to 4'-phosphopantothenate, and AlCl3 was partially decreased. It was concluded that the combined intoxication model could be used to study hepato-and neuroprotective properties of pantothenic acid and its derivatives.
Golovach O.A., Tahanovich A.D.
Features of enzymatic splitting of phosphatidylcholine dipalmitoyl in alveolar macrophages at a lack of oxygen, raised temperature of incubation and the influence of bacterial endotoxins. pp. 56--60
Summary: Effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, low oxygen and increased temperature on the activity of endocellular and secretory phospholipases A2 of alveolar macrophages are analyzed. The phospholipase activity increased after incubation of alveolar macrophages with endotoxins. A progressive reduction in the concentration of oxygen in the surrounding medium increased the activity of phospholipases both intra- and extracellularly. A rise in incubation temperature from 37 to 42°C did not affect the activity of endocellular phospholipases. After incubation of alveolar macrophages at 39-42°C an increase of the secretory phospholipase activity was observed.
Sudnikovich E.Ju., Lapshina E.A., Kubyshin V.L., Domanski A.V., Rudyak T.V., Makar E.A., Zabrodskaya S.V.
Oxidative damage of rat erythrocytes, induced by hypochlorous acid. pp. 61--65
Summary: In this study we show that hypochlorous acid in rat erythrocytes in vitro induces significant oxidation of intracellular glutathione, inhibits catalase and changes slightly glutathione peroxidase activity and the level of membrane lipid peroxidation. The inhibition of the key enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway will be accompanied by disturbing NADPH synthesis and intracellular reduced glutathione recovery. These changes may increase oxidative susceptibility of rat erythrocytes and results in cell damage.
Lupachyk S.V., Nadolnik L.I., Niatsetskaya Z.V., Vinogradov V.V.
Effect of a single high iodine treatment on the thyroid function in normal and adrenalectomized rats. pp. 66--71
Summary: It has expected that glucocorticoid deficiency will be associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases onset. Effects of single high iodine doses (KI, 70 µg/kg (1000 physiological daily doses)) treatment on thyroid functional activity of normal and adrenalectomized (AE) rats were studied. Thyroid protein-binding iodine levels in the KI treated normal rats were markedly decreased, and thyroid TEARS levels, SOD and catalase activities were significantly increased compared with controls. However, protein- binding iodine levels were no changed, and serum T3, T4 levels remain decreased and no differences in pro/antioxidant state in the KI treated AE rats compared with controls. This data suggested that decreased glucocorticoid state caused thyroid regulatory disturbances.
Chemitova L.M., Golubovich V.P., Kirkovskiy V.V., Lobacheva G.A., Kamenezkaya T.A.
Investigation of blood plasma elastase activity in patients with pancreatitis and pneumonia using four chromogenic peptide substrates. pp. 72--74
Summary: The action of elastase on four peptide substrates has been studied. A new chromogenic substrate (Suc-Glu-Pro-Nva-pNA) for the determination of elastase activity in blood plasma is described.
Kondyba N.I., Yelchaninova M.A., Velichko M.G.
Enzymes of ethanol and acetaldehyde metabolism in the liver of tumor-bearing mice with toxic hepatitis. pp. 75--77
Summary: The alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities in the liver of mice with toxic hepatitis and Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma were determined. The results show an increase in the indices with the development of pathological processes.
PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
Bairamov A.A., Zaichenko I.N., Yefremov O.M., Borovskikh N.A., Losev N.A., Sapronov N.S.
Cholinergic modulation of sexual activity during acute and chronic stresses. pp. 78--84
Summary: The present work was designed to study sexual behavior of male rats during acute and chronic stresses, with various stressful factors in conditions of the modulation of cholinergic system activity. M-cholinergic mechanisms play an appreciable role in the regulation of sexual activity during stressful actions. A change in their activity by cholinergic medication exerted a modulating effect after a short-term stress and an activating effect after a stronger and chronic stress, i.e. the effect of cholinergic drugs depended on the nature and duration of stress. A more considerable effect due to application of cholinergic drugs was observed after immobilisation stress with emotional component, in comparison with a stress based largely on the physical factor. The data show that the mechanism of action of cholinergic drugs on sexual activity is mediated not only by their direct influence, but also by the regulation of the neuroendocrine and other neurotransmitter systems involved in the realization of sexual behavior.
BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES
Lobko N.F.
A new method for estimation of oligopeptides in blood plasma. pp. 85--89
Summary: A simple method for measurement of oligopeptides in blood plasma has been developed. It is based on measurements of UV-absorption of deproteinized plasma at 290 nm and pH 13.0. The method is more sensitive than the known quick test of estimating toxemia by UV-absorption of deproteinized plasma at 280 nm and pH 6.5.
Soltanov V.V., Burko V.E.
The software for processing of electrophysiological data. pp. 90--95
Summary: The software is characterized, designed for IBM-like "slow" computers in MS DOS and enabling to evaluate the total activity by the firing rate and amplitude, to determine the percentage ratios in the pieces of records, and to establish the degree of correlation of processes recorded in many channels (up to 8). The results are depicted in the form of graphs and histograms.
MEDICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICAL GENETICS
Nadjaran L.A., Afonin V.Yu., Voitovich A.M., Kotelenets A.I., Stepanishcheva V.A.
The effect of epibrassinolide on the reproductive function of animals. pp. 96--100
Summary: Daily administration (20 d) of epibrassinolide at a dose of 0.00002 mg/kg during gestation did not result in variations of developmental characteristics in the rat offspring. Daily administration (60 d) of epibrassinolide at doses of 0.002 and 2 mg/kg before gestation resulted in a decrease of craniocaudal size and body weight of the rat offspring. Addition of alcoholic solution of epibrassinolide (5 mg/l) to the snail Lymnaea stagnalis environment accelerated laying and led to embryonic death in the first layings.
Voitovich A.M., Ogurtsova S.E., Trusova V.D.
Chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells of C57BL/6j and DBA/2 mice following the exposure to mitomycin C under preliminary phenobarbital and b-naphthoflavone treatment. pp. 101--104
Summary: Acute experiments showed that the dynamics of aberrant cell yield was similar with both strains, with the peak by 18 hours after mitomycin C administration. In all series with the identical exposures, the number of aberrant cells was lower in DBA/2 mice. Elimination of a greater portion of aberrant cells, first of all with multiple aberrations and chromatid exchanges, occurred quicker in mice of this strain. It was concluded that preliminary b-naphthoflavone administration is able to initiate potential DNA damages.
REVIEWS
Sudakov K.V.
The 30th anniversary of the union of Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, and Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy. pp. 105--115
Summary: This review-like article discusses the history of organisation of P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology within Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, gives reasons for uniting this Institute with Department of Normal Physiology of I.M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy, and outlines prospects of scientific and educational activities of this unique union of research workers and teachers of both establishments.
Trufakin V.A., Krivoschekov S.G., Shurlygina A.V., Pasynkova N.R.
Biorhythmological aspects of human ecology. pp. 116--121
Summary: Ecological dependence of biorhythms can be traced at any level of organization of the living being. We show the role of biorhythms in: a) adaptation, b) organization of activity an of individual functional system, and c) at specific (ecologically caused) health disorders. Ecological dependence of human biological rhythms is fixed at the level of physiological mechanisms of regulation, and reorganization of biorhythms during migration is a negative concomitant element of acclimatization. Chronobiological principles of immune function regulation are apparently based on certain phasic relations between biorhythms of the synthesis and production of regulatory factors, on the one hand, and biorhythms of the receptor system and metabolic potential of immunocompetent cells, on the other hand. We suppose that there is a class of ecologically caused diseases underlain by disturbances of intra- and intersystem rhythmic processes. In particular, the phenomenon of a decreased intensity of EEG rhythms at a seasonal affective disorder may reflect changes in the general regulation of overall rhythmic activity of the brain and a decrease in the functional condition of the cortex.
Zhuk O.N.
Some molecular mechanisms of neurotoxicity and endogenous protection during disbalance of the ammonium ions-glutamate system. pp. 122--129
Summary: A review of the literature data and some own studies of the aggressive influence of ammonium on the brain is presented. An excess of the agent that occurs at disturbances of the detoxication function of the liver or poisoning with ammonium salts leads to impairment of all body systems and development of neurodegenerative disease with neuropsychiatric syndrome. A relation between an increased intracellular content of ammonium ions and an increased level of glutamate in the intercellular space of the nervous tissue, with subsequent activation of all glutamate receptor types and activation both of necrotic and apoptotic ways of cell death, is considered. A relationship between glutamate and neurotrophins in the modulation of neuroplasticity, as well as the ability of one of them, nerve growth factor, to protect nerve cells from the damaging action of ammonium ions are shown.
JUBILEES
Martin Nichelmann (the 65th anniversary). p. 130
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